glia

Question 1

what is sensory input

Answer 1

sensory receptor gathering information mointoring changes inside and outside the body

Question 2

what is integration

Answer 2

processing information from sensory output and deciding what to do at each moment

Question 3

motor output

Answer 3

nervous system activates effector organs (muscles and glands) to cause a response

Question 4

what is the central nervous system

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord; integrating system interpreting sensory input and dictating motor output based on reflexs, past experiences, and current conditions

Question 5

what is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

consists mainly of nerve extended from CNS to carry impulses to spinal cord

Question 6

sensory. Afferent division (toward)

Answer 6

consist of axons that convey impulses to CNS from sensory recptors

-somatic sensory fibres: impulses from skin,skeleton muscles,joints

visceral: organs

Question 7

motor, efferent divisions (away)

Answer 7

PNS transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs

-somatic: cns to skeletal (voluntary)

-autonomic: visceral motor nerve fibers (involunatry) heart beating, movement of food in digestive tract

Question 8

what are nueroglia or glial cells

Answer 8

small cells that surround and wrap around the more delicate neurons

Question 9

what are neurons

Answer 9

nerve cell that are excitable (respond to stimuli by changing membrane potential and transmit electrical signals

Question 10

what are the four types of nueroglia in the CNS

Answer 10

astrocytes, ,microglial,ependymal,oligodenocydrates

Question 11

what are astrocytes

Answer 11

-star shaped, most abundant and versatile
- support and anchor neurons to nutrient supply (capillaries)

-mop up leaked potassium and recycle released neurotransmitter

connected by gap junction

Question 12

what are microglial?

Answer 12

small monitor health and sense when neurons are injured and migrate towards them
-kills invading cell (phagocytosis)

Question 13

what are ependymal cells?

Answer 13

circulate cerebrospinal fluid that cushions brain and spinal cord

Question 14

what are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 14

wraps around fibers producing insulating coverings called myelin sheath

Question 15

what are the two types of glial cells in PNS?

Answer 15

satellitel cells and schwann cells

Question 16

what do satellite cells do?

Answer 16

same function of astrocytes (hold them together for nutrients)

Question 17

what are schwann cells?

Answer 17

form myelin sheaths

Question 18

why do neurons have extreme longevity

Answer 18

because they are amitotic

Question 19

do neurons have a high metabolic rate

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what is the neuron body called?

Answer 20

soma

Question 21

what do neuron bodys contain?

Answer 21

mitochondria, protein, RER, ribosomes, Golgi, neurofibrils, pigment

Question 22

what are cluster of cells at CNS location called? PNS?

Answer 22

nuclei, ganglia

Question 23

what are dendrites?

Answer 23

twiglike, main receptive or input region, provide large SA for recieving signals from other neurons
-convey incoming messages towards cell body
-not action potential; its graded potential

Question 24

how many axons can a nueron have

Answer 24

1

Question 25

what is before the axon

Answer 25

axon hillocks

Question 26

what is the largest axon in the body?

Answer 26

located in foot to spine 3-4 feet

Question 27

what are long axons called

Answer 27

nerve fiber

Question 28

what re bundles of axons called in the CNS? the PNS?

Answer 28

tracts and nerves

Question 29

what is the branches after the axon called what are the end of the branches called?

Answer 29

axon collateral and terminal branches to axon terminals

Question 30

what does the axon do?

Answer 30

generates nerve impulses away from cell body; in motor neurons nerve impulse at initial segment conducts along to axon terminal which are secretory regions

Question 31

an axon depends on its…

Answer 31

cell body to renew proteins and membrane components and efficient transport mechanism to distribute them

Question 32

what happens if an axon is cut or damaged

Answer 32

it decays quickly

Question 33

4 function regions

Answer 33

1. Receptive region​
2. Initial segment​
3. Conducting region​
4. Secretory region​

Question 34

what’s the difference between Schwann and oligodendrocytes

Answer 34

oligodendrocytes cover 50-60 cells in myelin sheaths while Schwann covers one

Question 35

what does the Conduction velocities depend on

Answer 35

(i) axon diameter​

(ii) myelin sheath​