6.1 Flashcards
your digestive system is coupled with your
nervous systems
digestive system
circulatory system
circulatory system
what is the major function of respiratory system
supply o2 for cellular respiration and remove co2 waste product from cellular respiration
what are the four processes of respiration
respiratory systems
1.pulmonary ventilation
2.external respiration
circulatory system
3. transport o2 and co2 in blood
4. internal respiration
what is pulmonary ventilation
breathing: movement of air in and out of lungs (conductive zone, no gas exchange with blood or tissue)
external respiration
exchange of o2 and co2 between lungs and blood- respiratory zone, gas exchange
transport
cardiovascular system: o2 and co2 in blood to and from the lungs to tissue
internal respiration
exchange of o2 and co2 between blood vessels and tissues
major respiratory organs: conducting zone
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminals bronchioles
major respiratory organs: respiratory zone
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts & alveoli
function of conducting zones
passageway
cleanse(filter)
moistens and humidify air
olfactory zone
resonating chamber for speech
nose
external portion
filters and cleanse inspired air
airway
moistens and warms air
olfactory speech
speech chamber
what are the two regions of the nose
external nose and nasal cavity
external nose
includes root (bridge, dorsum nasi, apex, naris)
nasal and frontal (bridge and root)
maxillary bones laterally (upper jaw and cheek)
plates of hyaline cartilage inferior
nasal septum
divided by?
posteriorly by?
perpendicular plate
divided by midline nasal septum (formed by septal cartilage)
vomer bone
ethmoid bone
choanae
where nasal cavity turns into nasopharynx
roof: ethmoid and sphenoid bone
floor: hard palate(bone) and soft palate(muscle)
nasal vestibule in nasal cavity
nasal cavity superior to nostrils
lined with vibrissae (filter coarse particle)
rest of cavity lined with mucous membrane
olfactory mucosa: lines superior region of nasal cavity (olfactory epithelium)
respiratory mucosa: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, containing goblet cells, that rests on a lamina propria richly supplied with seromucous nasal glands (affecting viscosity).
which way do ciliated cells sweep contaminated mucuse
posteriorly down the thorat
how is air warmed in the nasal cavity
plexuses of capillaries and veins
what causes you to sneeze
nerve endings in nasal mucosa
nasal conchae
scroll like, mucous covered protrude medially from lateral wall of nasal cavity
3 section superior middle and inferior
what do shape of concha help to
increase mucosal area
enhance air turbulence (promote warming and humidification, mixture for smell)
inhalation: filter heat and moisten air
exhalation: reclaim heat and moisture
paranasal sinuses location
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary
function of paranasal sinuse
lighten skull
secret mucus
warm and moisten air
pharynx shape and location
funnel shaped muscular tube
base of skull to vertebra c6
connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophaguse
three regions of pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
air passageway posterior to nasal cavity
soft palate and uvula close nasopharynx during swallowing
pharyngeal tonsil
pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
pharyngotympanic tubes (auditory tubes, eustachian tubes): equalize pressure in middle ear and open into lateral walls
oropharynx
food passageway (soft palate»>epiglottis)
stratified squamous epithelium
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsil
laryngopharynx
passageway for food and air
stratified squamous epithelium
continuous with esophagus
posterior to upright epiglottis
what happens to the nasopharynx when swallowing
it closes
