6.2

Question 1

lower respiratory consist of

Answer 1

larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 2

function of conducting zones

Answer 2

passageway

cleanse (filter)

moistens and humidify air

olfactory zone

resonating chamber for speech

Question 3

major respiratory organs: respiratory zone

Answer 3

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts & alveoli

Question 4

larynx description and function

Answer 4

connects pharynx to trachea

air passageway

guides air and food to proper channels

voice production

Question 5

trachea description and function

Answer 5

flexible c shaped tube starts from larynx

air passageway;cleans warms mositones air

Question 6

bronchial tree description and function

Answer 6

right and left main bronchi. lack cartilage instead have smooth muscle

air passageway, connects trachea with aveoli, cleans, warms, moistens

Question 7

alveoli description and function

Answer 7

termini of bronchial tree

simple squamous epithelium

associated with pulmonary capillaries

site of gas exchange

Question 8

what does surfactant in the alveoli do?

Answer 8

reduce surface tension;prevent lung from collapsing

Question 9

lungs description and function

Answer 9

composed of alveoli and respiratory passageways. stroma (elastic CT, helping lungs recoil during expiration)

houses respiratory passages smalled than main bronchie

Question 10

pleurae description and function

Answer 10

lines thoracic cavity; external lung surface

lubricates fluid and compartmentalize lungs

Question 11

how many hyaline cartilage does larync have

Answer 11

nine

Question 12

how many hyaline cartilages does larynx have

Answer 12

nine

Question 13

epiglottis description

Answer 13

consist of elastic cartilage

covers laryngeal inlet during swallowing to prevent food from entering respiratory tract

covered in tastes buds containing mucosa`

Question 14

vestibular folds

Answer 14

false cords

superior to vocal fold

no part in sound production

help to close glottis during swallowing

Question 15

vocal ligaments

Answer 15

form core of vocal folds (true vocal cords)

attaches to arytenoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

elastic fibers appear white (no blood vessels)

Question 16

glottis

Answer 16

opening between vocal folds

folds vibrate producing varying pitches as air rushes up from lungs

Question 17

voice production (speech,pitch,loudness)

Answer 17

speech: periodic release of expire air during opening and closing of glottis

pitch determined by length and tension

loudness depends upon force of air

Question 18

how is sound quality improved

Answer 18

pharynx, oral, nasal, and sinus cavity

Question 19

how is sound shaped

Answer 19

pharynx, tongue, soft palate, lips

Question 20

sphincter functions of larynx

Answer 20

prevents air passage

glottis closes to prevent exhalation

abdominal muscle contract

empty rectum or stabilize trunk during heavy lifting

Question 21

tracheas

Answer 21

windpipe

between two lungs and their sacs

4 inches long 3/4 inch in diameter flexible

3 walls

Question 22

what are the three layers of the trachea

Answer 22

mucosa: ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

submucosa: CT seromucous glands; supported by 16-20 rings

adventia: outermost layer CT

Question 23

trachealis

Answer 23

smooth muscle fiber conect posterior part of cartilage

contract during coughing to expel mucus

Question 24

carina

Answer 24

last tracheal cartilage, where trachea branches into two main bronchi

mucosa of carina highly sensitive; violent coughing if foreign object makes contact with it

Question 25

what happens when reaching the tips of bronchial tree

Answer 25

conducting zone structure give rise to respiratory zone structures

Question 26

which bronchi is longer, wider, and more verticle

Answer 26

right

Question 27

alveoli pores function

Answer 27

connect adjacent alveoli to equalize air pressure and prevent routes in case of blockage

Question 28

how many macrophages died an hour

Answer 28

2 million