Glands Flashcards
In CF, which gene is deficient and what does this affect?
The CFTR gene is deficient. Chloride ion transport across the membrane is substantially compromised as a result.
What is the difference between an exocrine and an endocrine gland?
An exocrine secretes through ducts.
An endocrine secretes into the blood stream.
What do we call a multicellular gland whose ducts do not branch?
Simple
Where can simple tubular glands be found?
In the intestinal glands
What type of multicellular gland is a sweat gland?
Simple coiled tubular
What type of glands are mammary glands?
Compound alveolar
Which stain better in H&E sections? Mucous or serous glands?
Serous glands
What is merocrine secretion? Describe the process.
Exocytosis.
Membrane bound component approaches the cell surface. Fuses with plasma membrane. Contents releases into extra cellular space.
What is the type of secretion when a non-membrane bound structure is secreted surrounded by a layer of the cell’s cytoplasm?
Apocrine secretion
What is holocrine secretion?
When the cell disintegrates, releasing the contents as well as discharge of the whole cell.
What type of secretion does a sebaceous gland do? Apocrine, holocrine or merocrine?
Holocrine (cell disintegrates)
Where does glycosylation of newly synthesised proteins occur?
In the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.
What is glycosylation?
Adding sugars to proteins and lipids.
List the four ways secretion can be controlled.
Nervous
Endocrine control
Neuro-endocrine control
Negative feedback chemical mechanism
Are islets of Langerhans endocrine or exocrine?
Endocrine
Which two hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
T3 and T4
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On top of each kidney
What does the medulla of the adrenal glands secrete?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
What are the three types of secretion?
Merocrine, apocrine and holocrine
What are the four layers of the gut wall?
From innermost to outermost: Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externae Serosa
What is the submucosa of the gut made up of?
A connective tissue of glands, arteries, veins and nerves
What type of muscle is the muscularis externa of the gut made out of?
Smooth muscle
In the oeshagus, what are the three layers of the mucosa?
Innermost to outermost:
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
In the oesophagus, in which layer are the mucus-secreting glands?
Submucosa
What is the muscularis mucosae?
A thin layer of smooth muscle cells
In which layer of the gut wall is the muscularis mucosae found?
The mucosa
What type if epithelium is found in the urinary tract?
Stratified columnar
What type of epithelium is in the bronchus?
Pseudostratified, cilitated
What type of connective tissue is found in the bronchus?
Cartilage
What type of epithelium is found in the gut?
Simple columnar
What type of gland are intestinal glands?
Simple tubular
List a simple coiled tubular gland
Merocrine sweat gland
List some simple branched tubular glands.
Gastric glands
Mucous glands in oesophagus, tongue and duodenum
What type of gland is simple branched alveolar?
Sebaceous
List some compound tubular glands
Mucous glands in mouth
Testes
Name a compound alveolar/acinar gland
Mammary gland
Name a compound tubuloalveolar gland
Salivary glands
Glands of respiratory passages
Pancreas
