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Tissues Of The Body > Cell Ultrastructure > Flashcards

Cell Ultrastructure Flashcards

0
Q

Give some functions of the plasma membrane

A 
Selective permeability
Transport materials along cell surface
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Intercellular adhesion
Intercellular recognition
Signal transduction
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1
Q

What is the limit of resolution?

A

The minimum distance at which two objects can be distinguished.

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2
Q

By what type of phosphorylation do mitochondria produce ATP.

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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3
Q

What protein are micro tubules made out of?

A

Tubulin

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4
Q

What is a process that occurs in the nucleolus?

A

Ribosomal RNA synthesis

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5
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Synthesises cholesterol and lipids. Also involved in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins.

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6
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Provide a surface upon which protein synthesis occurs.
Acts as a catalyst that facilitates the synthesis of proteins.
Site of translation

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7
Q

What is the glycocalyx made out of and what is its function?

A

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

Gives the cell specificity

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8
Q

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesis and modification of proteins that are to be packaged. Also synthesis of membrane lipids and proteins.

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9
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Sorts, concentrates, packages and modifies proteins synthesised in the RER.

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10
Q

Where are lysosomes generated?

A

In the Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

What do mitochondria do?

A

Generation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
Generating heat in brown fat
Assist in the synthesis of certain lipids and proteins

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12
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Contain hydrolytic enzymes that function in intra cellular digestion.

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13
Q

How big in diameter are most human cells?

A

10-20 micrometres

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14
Q

What is the diameter of a red blood cell?

A

7.2 micrometres

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15
Q

How many nanometers are in 1mm?

A

1,000,000

16
Q

What is a biopsy?

A

The removal of a small piece of tissue from an organ or part of the body for microscopic examination.

17
Q

Where can a curettage be used?

A

Endometrial lining of the uterus.

18
Q

For a biopsy, where can a needle be used?

A

Breast, brain, liver, kidney, muscle

19
Q

Give two tissue fixatives.

A

Glutaraldehyde

Formaldehyde

20
Q

Why do tissues need to be fixed?

A

Cross links are formed between macromolecules
Cellular structure is preserved
Prevents autolysis and putrefaction

21
Q

What colour does haematoxylin stain?

A

Blue/purple

22
Q

What type of components does eosin stain? Acidic or basic?

A

Basic eg cytoplasmic proteins and extracellular fibres

23
Q

What does PAS method stain and what colour is it?

A

Carbohydrates and glycoproteins

Magenta

24
Q

What colour does Elastic Van Gieson stain collagen?

A

Stains collagen pink/red

25
Q

What colour does Elastic Van Gieson stain elastin?

A

Blue/black

26
Q

What colour does Elastic Van Gieson stain muscle?

A

Yellow

27
Q

Why does an electron microscope have a finer resolution than a light microscope?

A

Limit of resolution is inversely proportional to wavelength and electrons have a much smaller wavelength than light.

28
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A

Major site of oxygen utilisation and hydrogen peroxide production. Use HP to oxidise other substrates including phenols, alcohol, formic acid and formaldehyde.

29
Q

What does a cell’s cytoskeleton do?

A

Maintains and changes cell shape
Provides structural support for plasma membrane and cell organelles
A means of movement for organelles, plasma membranes and other cytosol constituents.

30
Q

State the meaning of the term ‘tissue’.

A

A collection of cells specialised to perform a particular function.

31
Q

List the functions of the nucleus

A

DNA storage

Co-ordinates the cell’s activities; metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, mitosis

32
Q

Functions of the nuclear envelope?

A

Separates nuclear contents from the cell’s cytoplasm

Nuclear pores allow specific types and sizes of molecules to pass through

33
Q

When does a ribosome bind to the ER?

A

When it is synthesising a protein bound for the secretory pathway.

34
Q

At which end of the Golgi body do vesicles fuse at?

A

The convex cis end.

Tissues Of The Body (15 decks)

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