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2ND_SEM > gITEC45 > Flashcards

gITEC45 Flashcards

1
Q

We can synchronize the sending and receiving nodes so that the receiving node always knows when a new character is being sent or we can insert within the bit stream special “start” and “stop” bits.

A

Asynchronous Serial Transmission

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2
Q

used to convey clock (timing) information, this method group’s data together into a sequence of bits (five­-eight), then prefixes them with a start bit and a stop bit.

A

Asynchronous Serial Transmission

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3
Q

these used motors driving cams which actuated solenoids which sampled the signal at specific time intervals.

A

Asynchronous Serial Transmission

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4
Q

Asynchronous systems send data bytes between the sender and receiver.

A

Asynchronous Protocols

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5
Q

Each data byte is preceded with a start bit, and suffixed with a stop bit. These extra bits serve to synchronize the receiver with the sender.

A

Asynchronous Protocols

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6
Q

Transmission of these extra bits (2 per byte) reduce data throughput

A

Asynchronous Protocols

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7
Q

Asynchronous protocols are suited for low speed data communications.

A

Asynchronous Protocols

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8
Q

the line idle state is changed to a known character sequence (7E).

A

Synchronous Serial Transmission

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9
Q

is used to synchronize the receiver to the sender.

A

Synchronous Serial Transmission

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10
Q

The start and stop bits are removed, and each character is combined with others into a data packet

A

Synchronous Serial Transmission

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11
Q

The data packet is prefixed with a header field, and suffixed with a trailer field which includes a checksum value (used by the receiver to check for errors in sending).

A

Synchronous Serial Transmission

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12
Q

involve sending timing information along with the data bytes, so that the receiver can remain in synchronization with the sender.

A

Synchronous Protocols

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13
Q

Data bytes are packaged into small chunks called packets, with address fields being added at the front (header) and checksums at the rear of the packet
There are two main types of sync

A

Synchronous Protocols

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14
Q

Most communication systems have started with point to­ point links which directly connect together the users wishing to communicate using a dedicated communication circuits.

A

Switching

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15
Q

As the distance between users increases beyond the length of the cable, the connection between the users was formed by a number of sections which were connected end ­to­ end in series to form the circuit.

A

Switching

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16
Q

For a point­ to­ point circuit, (also known as a
________ _____) the nodes are patch panels which provide a simple connection between the two links (i.e., the two transmission circuits).

A

permanent circuit

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17
Q

As the number of connected users increased, it has become infeasible to provide a circuit which connects every user to every other user, and some sharing of the transmission circuits (known as “switching”) has become necessary.

A

Switching

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18
Q

is a set of connected devices.

A

Network

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19
Q

is a set of nodes that are interconnected to permit the exchange of information.

A

Network

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20
Q

is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.

A

Switching

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21
Q

is either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint.

A

Nodes

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22
Q

any system or device connected to a network is also called a ____.

A

Node

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23
Q

consists of a series of interlinked nodes, called switches.

A

Switched Network

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24
Q

is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.

A

Switches

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25
Q

is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer of the OSI model.

A

switches

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26
Q

are devices capable of creating temporary connections between two or more devices linked to the switch. In a switched network, some of these nodes are connected to the end systems.

A

Switches

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27
Q

Many characteristics of switched communication networks are directly dependent on how data is relayed over the wires.

A

Packet Switching

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28
Q

Early networks carried continuous bitstreams over physical links in a technique called ______ _______, well suited to transmit voice or real time data from a single sender to a single receiver (unicast communication).

A

circuit switching

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29
Q

is the term used to describecommunicationwhere a piece of information is sent from one point to another point.

A

Unicast`

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30
Q

in which a packet is sent from a single source to a specified destination, is still the predominant form of transmission on LANs and within the Internet.

A

Unicast transmission

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31
Q

A physical link failure in circuit switching networks has dramatic consequences leading to the interruption of all communications using the failed link.

A

Packet Switching

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32
Q

Datagram packet switching networks like the Internet, fix these drawbacks by cutting data into small chunks called ______

A

Packets

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33
Q

switching networks, two consecutive packets from the same communication are independently handled by the network.

A

Datagram packet

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34
Q

is a cross between a circuit-switched network and a datagram network. It is normally implemented in the data link layer, while a circuit-switched network is implemented in the physical layer and a datagram network in the network layer.

A

Virtual-circuit network

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35
Q

is collection of data that can be used by computers which need to communicate with each other, usually as part of a network.

A

Packets

36
Q

is the unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network.

A

Packets

37
Q

consists of control information and user data, which is also known as the _______

A

payload

38
Q

is the most familiar technique used to build a communication network.

A

Circuit Switching

39
Q

it is used for ordinary telephone calls.

A

Circuit Switching

40
Q

it allows communications equipment and circuits, to be shared among users. Each user has sole access to a circuit (functionally equivalent to a pair of copper wires) during network use.

A

Circuit Switching

41
Q

consists of a set of switches connected by physical links.

A

Circuit Switching

42
Q

a connection between two stations is a dedicated path made of one or more links.

A

Circuit Switching

43
Q

is made of a set of switches connected by physical links, in which each link is divided into n channels.

A

Circuit Switching

44
Q

a dedicated circuit is established between a sender and a receiver, and the signals coming from one end are transmitted to the other.

A

Circuit Switching

45
Q

this connection is maintained for as long as both parties desire, after which it is closed. The drawback is that if a large part of a conversation consists of silence, the line carrying the conversation is effectively idle for most of the time.

A

Circuit Switching

46
Q

receives the connection request and identifies a path to the destination (D) via an intermediate node (C).

A

Node B

47
Q

This problem is considerably aggravated for digital signals, which are sent in _________ ______ rather than continuously.

A

staccato bursts

48
Q

were used for phone calls and packet-switched networks handled data. But because of the reach of phone lines and the efficiency and low cost of data networks, the two technologies have shared chores for years.

A

Circuit Switching

49
Q

Before the two parties (or multiple parties in a conference call) can communicate, a dedicated circuit (combination of channels in links) needs to be established.

A

setup phase

50
Q

The end systems are normally connected through dedicated lines to the switches, so connection setup means creating dedicated channels between the switches.

A

Setup Phase

51
Q

When system A needs to connect to system M, it sends a setup request that includes the address of system M, to switch I. Switch I finds a channel between itself and switch IV that can be dedicated for this purpose. Switch I then sends the request to switch IV, which finds a dedicated channel between itself and switch III. Switch III informs system M of system A’s intention at this time.

A

Setup phase

52
Q

After the establishment of the dedicated circuit (channels), the two parties can transfer data.

A

Date transfer phase

53
Q

When one of the parties needs to disconnect, a signal is sent to each switch to release the resources.

A

Teardown Phase

54
Q

are not as efficient as the other types of networks because resources are allocated during the entire duration of the connection.

A

efficiency

55
Q

these resources are unavailable to other connections. In a telephone network, people normally terminate the communication when they have finished their conversation.

A

efficiency

56
Q

in computer networks, a computer can be connected to another computer even if there is no activity for a long time. In this case, allowing resources to be dedicated means that other connections are deprived.

A

effficiency

57
Q

the delay in this type of network is minimal.

A

delay

58
Q

during data transfer the data are not delayed at each switch; the resources are allocated for the duration of the connection

A

Delay

59
Q

the paths in the circuit are separated from one another spatially. This technology was originally designed for use in analog networks but is used currently in both analog and digital networks. It has evolved through a long history of many designs.

A

Space-Division Switch

60
Q

connects n inputs to m outputs in a grid, using electronic microswitches (transistors) at each cross point.

A

Crossbar Switch

61
Q

which combines crossbar switches in several (normally three) stages

A

Multistage Switch

62
Q

uses time-division multiplexing (TDM) inside a switch.

A

Time-Division Switch

63
Q

TDM stands for

A

Time-Division Switch

64
Q

The most popular technology is called the____ ____ __________

A

time-slot interchange

65
Q

TSI stands for

A

Time-slot Interchange

66
Q

is most often used for data communication.

A

Packet Swtich

67
Q

is similar to message switching using short messages. Any message exceeding a network­ defined maximum length is broken up into shorter units, known as _____

A

packets

68
Q

break streams of data into smaller blocks of data. Each of these small blocks are then sent independently over a shared network.

A

Packet Switching

69
Q

most networks consist of many links which allow more than one path through the network between nodes.

A

Packet Switching

70
Q

allows users to equally share bandwidth resources but makes no promises concerning quality or latency.

A

Packet Switching

71
Q

is easier and more affordable than circuit switching.

A

Packet Switching

72
Q

networks move data in separate, small blocks – packets – based on the destination address in each packet. When received, packets are reassembled in the proper sequence to make up the message.

A

Packet Switching

73
Q

it provides the basis for traditional telephone networks.

A

Packet Switching

74
Q

performs the physical and data link functions of the packet switch. The bits are constructed from the received signal. The packet is decapsulated from the frame.

A

Input ports

75
Q

Errors are detected and corrected

A

inputs ports

76
Q

performs the same functions as the input port, but in the reverse order.

A

Output Ports

77
Q

performs the functions of the network layer.

A

Routing processors

78
Q

This activity is sometimes referred to as _____ _____ because the routing processor searches the routing table.

A

table lookup

79
Q

The most difficult task in a packet switch is to move the packet from the input queue to the output queue. The speed with which this is done affects the size of the input/output queue and the overall delay in packet delivery.

A

Switching Fabrics

80
Q

is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. As data and telecommunications use increases, so does traffic.

A

Multiplexing

81
Q

is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share a scarce resource.

A

Multiplexing

82
Q

multiplexers and de-multiplexers are used to convert multiple signals into one signal. This term is also known as ______

A

muxing

83
Q

is a technique by which the total bandwidth available in a communication medium is divided into a series of non-overlapping frequency bands, each of which is used to carry a separate signal.

A

Frequency-Division multiplexing(FDM)

84
Q

FDM stands for

A

Frequency-Division Multiplexing

85
Q

is designed to use the high-data-rate capability of fiber-optic cable. The optical fiber data rate is higher than the data rate of metallic transmission cable. Using a fiber-optic cable for one single line wastes the available bandwidth.

A

Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM)

86
Q

WDM stands for

A

Wavelength-Division Multiplexing

87
Q
A

2ND_SEM (23 decks)

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