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Small Animal Medicine > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Etiology

A

necrosis, edema, neutrophilic infiltrate of the pancreas

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2
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Signs

A

depression, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, shock, coagulopathy

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3
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Lab

A

Left shift, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia, inc. PLI + liver enzymes

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4
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Dx

A

imaging, PLI (dog), TLI (cat), biopsy

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5
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Tx

A

supportive - fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, GI protectants, nutrition

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6
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatits - Presentation

A

acute due to flare up

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7
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Signs

A

intermittent , low grade

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8
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Dx

A

TLI, imaging, biopsy

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9
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Tx

A

supportive - fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, GI protectants, nutrition

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10
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Etiology

A

Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy (genetic), chronic pancreatitis

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11
Q

How much of the pancreas must lose function before signs of EPI?

A

80-90%

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12
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Signs

A

wt loss, poor hair coat, inc. appetite, coprophagia, diarrhea

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13
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Dx

A

reactive hepatopathy, TLI

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14
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Tx/Management

A

supplemental enzymes, individualized diet, poss. B12

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15
Q

Liver: Indicator Enzymes

A

Intracellular - ALT, AST Membrane bound - ALKP, GGT bilirubin

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16
Q

Liver: Dx Tests

A

Bile Acids Stim., Ammonia tolerance, coag., biopsy

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17
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Hepatic Failure - Signs

A

dull, vomit, PU/PD, poss. icterus

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18
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Hepatic Failure - Lab

A

inc. ALT, poss. ALP + Bilirubin

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19
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Fulminant Hepatic Failure - Signs

A

anorexia, v/d, dull, hepatic enchalopathy, seizures, coag. disorders

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20
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Fulminant Hepatic Failure - Lab

A

inc. ALT, ALP, bilirubin dec. glucose, albumin, urea

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21
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Dx

A

chem, coag, U/S

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22
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, SAMe, feed, supportive

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23
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Etiology

A

toxins (acetaminophen, carprofen, aflatoxin), metabolic (lipidosis), infection, hypoxia

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24
Q

Chronic Liver Dz: Etiology

A

copper accumulation, idiopathic, chronic sholangiohepatitis, drug induced, infectious, vacuolar hepatopathies

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25
Q

Chronic Liver Dz: Signs

A

lethargy, anorexia, v/d, wt. loss, ascites, PU/PD, icterus

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26
Q

Chronic Liver Dz: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, diet (low fat, high protein), supportive

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27
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Etiology

A

supurative/lymphatic cholangitis

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28
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Signs

A

anorexia, pyrexia, jaundace, abdominal pain

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29
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Lab

A

inc. ALT, ALP, GGT, bilirubin

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30
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Dx

A

chem, U/S, histo

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31
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Supurative/Lymphatic Tx

A

antibiotics, supportive/pred, supportive

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32
Q

Biliary Tract Obstruction: Etiology

A

Dog - edema, inflammation, fibrosis Cat - inflammation, pancreatitis

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33
Q

Biliary Obsruction: Signs

A

icterus, vomit, anorexia, dull, pain

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34
Q

Biliary Obstruction: Lab

A

inc. bilirubin, ALKP, GGT, cholesterol

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35
Q

Biliary Obstruction: Dx

A

chem, radiographs, U/S

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36
Q

Biliary Obstruction: Tx

A

supportive, sx

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37
Q

Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystitis - Dx

A

radiographs, U/S

38
Q

Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystitis - Tx

A

supportive, sx

39
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Etiology

A

high fat, low fiber diet

40
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Signs

A

icterus, anorexia, lehargy, diarrhea, PU/PD

41
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Lab

A

severe inc. enzyme; inc. cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin

42
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Dx

A

chem, U/S (kiwi appearance)

43
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Tx

44
Q

Pharyngitis: Signs

A

anorexia, lethargy, cough, dysphagia, odynophagia, pyrexia

45
Q

Pharyngitis: Etiology

A

viral, neoplasia, secondary bact, foreign body

46
Q

Pharyngitis: Dx

A

CBC, DI, endoscopy, biopsy

47
Q

Pharyngitis: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, symptomatic

48
Q

What is a polyp?

A

fibrocartilage

49
Q

Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystis - Class

A

I - no rupture II - Bile peritonitis III - omental adhesion

50
Q

Dysphagia: Oral Phase Signs

A

tilting head to swallow

51
Q

Dysphagia: Pharyngeal Phase Signs

A

cough, gagging, nasal discharge

52
Q

Dysphagia: Cricopharyngeal Phase Signs

A

repeated effort to swallow, cough, gagging

53
Q

Dysphagia: Etiology

A

foreign body, infection, neoplasia

54
Q

Dysphagia: Dx

55
Q

Dysphagia: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, symptomatic, temporary esophagostomy tube

56
Q

Esophageal Dz: Examples

A

megaesophagus, myasthenia gravis, vascular ring anomolies, esophagitis, stricture, hiatal hernia

57
Q

Esophageal Dz: Signs

A

regurg, dysphagia, wt loss

58
Q

Esophageal Dz: Dx

A

DI (contrast), endoscopy

59
Q

Esophageal Dz: Megaesophagus - Pathophysiology

A

generalized esophageal dilation

60
Q

Esophageal Dz: Myasthenia Gravis - Pathophysiology

A

autoimmune antibodies against acetyl choline receptors

61
Q

Esophageal Dz: Esophagitis - Pathophysiology

A

chronic exposure to gastric acid

62
Q

Esophageal Dz: Hiatal Hernia - Types

A

sliding, paraesophageal

63
Q

Gastric Dz: DDx

A

acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, dec. gastric outflow, gastric ulcer, infiltrative gastric dz

64
Q

Gastric Dz: Acute Gastritis - Etiology

A

bad food, foreign body, toxin, drugs

65
Q

Gastric Dz: Chronic Gastritis - Etiology

A

IBD, helicobacter, physaloptera

66
Q

Gastric Dz: Gastric Outflow Problems - Etiology

A

idiopathic hypomotility

67
Q

Gastric Dz: Gastric Ulcers - Etiology

A

shock, drugs, tumor

68
Q

Gastric Dz: Infiltrative Gastric Dz - Etiology

A

IBD, neoplasia

69
Q

Diarrhea: Definition

A

inc. in frequency or volume, and/or change in concistancy

70
Q

Diarrhea: Small Intestine Origin - Appearance

A

inc. volume, melena, vomiting

71
Q

Diarrhea: Large Intestine Origin - Appearance

A

inc. frequency; dec. frequency; tenesmus, mucus, fresh blood

72
Q

SI Acute Diarrhea: Systemic Etiologies

A

acute pancreatitis, liver/renal dz, addison’s, sepsis

73
Q

SI Acute Diarrhea: GIT Etiologies

A

viral, bacterial, obstruction

74
Q

SI Acute Diarrhea: Tx

A

supprotive (fluids)

75
Q

LI Acute Diarrhea: Management

A

diet, anti-parasitics

76
Q

LI Chronic Diarrhea: Management

A

sulfasalazine, High soluble fiber diet

77
Q

Constipation: Etiologies

A

diet/environment, pain, obstruction, neurologic, metaolic, drug induced

78
Q

Constipation: Signs

A

blood +/ mucus, vomit, hyperemic mm, mass palpated,

79
Q

Constipation: Dx

A

DI, endoscopy

80
Q

Constipation: Tx

A

correct fluids, laxatives, treat underlying cause

81
Q

Megacolon: Signs

A

depression, progressive, mass palpated

82
Q

Megacolon: Etiology

A

irreversible neural dmg => no parastalsis

83
Q

Megacolon: Dx

84
Q

Megacolon: Tx

A

stool softener, enemas

85
Q

Recto-Anal Fistula: Signs

A

pain, inflammation, tenesmus, blood/mucus in feces

86
Q

Recto-Anal Fistula: Dx

A

signs, rectal

87
Q

Recto-Anal Fistula: Tx

A

clip + clean, ciclosporin, supportive

88
Q

Anal Saculitis: Signs

A

“scooting”, tenesmus, pain

89
Q

Anal Saculitis: Dx

A

signs, rectal

90
Q

Anal Saculitis: Tx

A

express +/- lavage, local infusions

Small Animal Medicine (8 decks)

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