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Small Animal Medicine > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Heartworm: Site of Infection

A

R. pulmonary artery

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2
Q

Heartworm: Pathogenesis

A

dmged endothelium => inc. permeability, cough/dyspnea

vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, inflammation, fibrosis

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3
Q

Which snap tests are better for dxing heartworm, Antibody or Antigen?

A

Antigen

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4
Q

Heartworm: Basic Treatment Plan

A

pre-adulticide prophylaxys, adulticide, post-adulticide cage rest

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5
Q

What is Post-caval Syndrome?

A

the worms back up into the rt. atrium => tricuspid insufficiency

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6
Q

Bracheal Plexus Avulsion: Definition

A

stretching/tearing of bracheal plexus root

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7
Q

Bracheal Plexua Avulstion: Signs

A

LMN, Horner’s Syndrome

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8
Q

Nerve Root Tumor: Definition

A

PNS tumor that grows into CNS

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9
Q

Nerve Root Tumor: Signs

A

slow progressive paresis, atrophy, excessive pain

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10
Q

Fibrocartilaginous Emboli: Definition

A

piece of intervertebral disc enters spinal blood vessels

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11
Q

Fibrocartilaginous Emboli: Signs

A

peracute paresis/paralysis, painless

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12
Q

Degenerative Myelopathy: Definition

A

degeneration of axons and myelin in thoracolumbar spinal cord

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13
Q

Degenerative Myelopathy: Signs

A

progressive paresis and ataxia, UMN

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14
Q

Lumbosacral Malarticulation/formation: Types

A

Type II disc degeneration - annulus fibrosis (dorsal protrusion)
interarcuate lig. (ventral protrustion)
instability of joints

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15
Q

Lumbosacral Malarticulation/formation: Signs

A

hunched posture, flaccid tail, incontinant, impaired sciatic function

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16
Q

Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Dz: Hansen Type I

A

rupture of calcified nucleus pulposus

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17
Q

Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Dz: Hansen Type II

A

slow protursion of nucleus pulposus => pressing

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18
Q

What is the order of loss of function seen with intervertebral disc dz?

A

conscious proprioception
voluntary motor + continance
superficial pain
deep pain

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19
Q

Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Dz: Grades

A 
1 - inc esthesia w/o neuro signs
2 - paresis but ambulatory
3 - paresis but not ambulatory
4 - paralysis w/ deep pain
5 - paralysis w/o deep pain
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20
Q

Discospondylitis: Definition

A

infection of end plates and disc => in new bone growth to encapsulate pushing up on cord

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21
Q

Discospondylitis: Signs

A

hyperesthesia, fever, depression, wt loss

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22
Q

Spondylitis: Definition

A

infection of vertebral body

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23
Q

Vertebral/Spinal Neoplasia: Types

A

Extradural - outside cord dura
Intradural Intramedullary - inside the cord dura, part of the cord
Intradural Extramedullary - inside the dura, outside the cord

24
Q

Vertebral/Spinal Neoplasia: Signs

A

progressive UMN/LMN signs

25
Q

Cervical Disc Dz: Type 1

A

C3-4 or C5/7

26
Q

Cervical Disc Dz: Type II

A

C6/7 “Wobblers”

27
Q

Cervical Disc Dz: Signs

A

neck pain, tetraparesis

28
Q

Cervical Disc Dz: Dx

A

radiographs, myelogram

29
Q

Cervical Disc Dz: Tx

A

no deficits - cage rest

neuro signs - surgery

30
Q

Cervical Spondylomyelopathy: Signs

A

head guarding, tetraparesis, thoracic limb muscle atrophy

31
Q

Atlanto-Axial Subluxation: Appearance

A

dorsal displacement of axis => dens pushing up on cord

32
Q

Inflammatory Myopathies: Examples

A

idiopathic polymyositis, masticatory muscle myositis, extraocular myositis

33
Q

Extertional Myopathies: Examples

A

Hypokalemia, limber tail

34
Q

Degenerative/Developmental Myopathies: Examples

A

dystrophic myopathies, non-dystrophic myopaties, metabolic myopathies, myotonia, dermatomyositis

35
Q

Metabolic Myopathies: Examples

A

hypo/hyperthyroid, hyperadrenocoriticism, enzyme deficiencies

36
Q

End Plate Dz: Examples

A

myasthenia gravis, botulism

37
Q

Neuropathies: Examples

A

tick paralysis, tetanus, coonhound paralysis, protozoal polyradiculoneurititis

38
Q

Vestibular Dz: Forms

A

peripheral, central

39
Q

Peripheral Vestibular Dz: Signs

A

head tilt, circling, nystagmus

40
Q

Central Vestibular Dz: Signs

A

head tilt, circling, nystagmus, hemi/tetraparesis, RAS Depression

41
Q

Cerebellar Hypoplasia: Signs

A

wide stance, truncal ataxia, dysmetria, intention tremors

42
Q

Hydrocephalus: Signs

A

progressive, excited/depressed, tetraparesis

43
Q

Cranial Trauma: Types

A

Concussion, contusion

44
Q

What happens during a concossion?

A

transient unconsciousness, no lession

45
Q

What happens during a contussion?

A

focal hemorrhage and edma

46
Q

Cranial Hemorrhage: Origins

A

Extracerebral - meningeal vessels

Intracerebral - brain vessels

47
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

sudden attacks of sleep +/- cataplexy when excited

48
Q

Multiple Neurological Signs: Causes

A

Rabies, distemper, FIV

49
Q

Seizures: Categories

A

partial, general

50
Q

Partial Seizures: Types

A

motor => abnormal movements
Psychomotor => spaces out, behavior change
Sensory => sees/hears things

51
Q

Generalized Seizures: Phases

A

Preictal -> Ictal (tonic->clonic) -> Postictal

52
Q

What happens during the Tonic Phase?

A

sustained muscle contraction

53
Q

What happens during the Clonic Phase

A

running/paddling/chewing

54
Q

When do you start to treat seizures?

A

once they start to occure every 6-8wks

55
Q

What is Staticus Epilepticus?

A

recurring seizures w/o regaining consciousness
-or-
a seizure that last for more than 5min

Small Animal Medicine (8 decks)

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