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Small Animal Medicine > Exam 1 (II) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (II) Flashcards

1
Q

Nasal Cavity Dz: Associated Signs

A

Nasal Discharge, sneezing, paying at face, difficulty on inspiration, stertor

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2
Q

Nasal Cavity Dz: Foreign Body - Signs

A

sudden onset, acute sneezing, gagging/reverse sneezing, pawing at nose

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3
Q

Nasal Cavity Dz: Foreign Body - Dx

A

imaging, cytology

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4
Q

Nasal Cavity Dz: Foreign Body - Tx

A

Nasal flush, alligator forceps, sx

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5
Q

Nasal Cavity Dz: Rhinitis - Feline Eteology

A

herpesvirus, calicivirus

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6
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Feline Signs

A

Herpes - ulcerative keratities (puntate and dendritic)

Calici - ulcers on nose, tongue, and hard palate, pneumonia, lameness

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7
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Feline Dx

A

signs, viral isolation

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8
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Feline Tx

A

symptomatic, vx

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9
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Canine Dzs

A

aspergillus

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10
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Aspergillosis Signs

A

sneezing, uni-/bilateral discharge, ulceration, depigmentation

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11
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Aspergillosis Dx

A

imaging, biopsy

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12
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Aspergilluosis Tx

A

debidement/flushing

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13
Q

What is Pneumonyssus canium?

A

nasal mites

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14
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis Etiology

A

chronic inflammatory rhinitis characterized by lymphocytic infiltration

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15
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - LPR Signs

A

uni-/bilateral discharge, sneezing, ocular discharge

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16
Q

Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - LPR Dx

A

imaging, biopsy

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17
Q

Nasal Cavity: Neoplasia - Signs

A

loss of air flow, facial deformity

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18
Q

Nasal Cavity: Neoplasia - Dx

A

imaging, biopsy

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19
Q

Nasal Cavity: Neoplasia - Tx

A

sx, radiation

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20
Q

Nasal Cavity: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia - Signs

A

young patient w/ recurrent resp. infection

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21
Q

Tracheobronchial: Laryngeal Signs

A

hoarse bark, gagging, inspiratory difficult

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22
Q

Tracheobronchial: Tracheal and Bronchial Signs

A

cough, resp. distress

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23
Q

Tracheobronchial: Kennel Cough - Etiology

A

parainfluenza, Canine adenovirus 2, mycoplasma, Bordatella

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24
Q

Tracheobronchial: Kennel Cough - Signs

A

cough

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25
Q

Tracheobronchial: Kennel Cough - Dx

A

history, signs

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26
Q

Tracheobronchial: Kennel Cough - Tx

A

restricted exercise, doxycyline

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27
Q

Tracheobronchial: Canine Influenza - Signs

A

Mild/Uncomplicated - cough

Severe/Complicated - fever, hemorrhagic pneumonia

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28
Q

Tracheobronchial: Canine Influenza - Dx

A

PCR, signs

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29
Q

Tracheobronchial: Canine Influenza - Tx

A

supportive

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30
Q

Tracheobronchial: Oslerus osleri - Signs

A

cough, wheeze, dyspnea

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31
Q

Tracheobronchial: Oslerus osleri - Dx

A

imaging, biopsy, fecal

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32
Q

Tracheobronchial: Oslerus osleri - Tx

A

ivermectin, fenbendazole

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33
Q

Tracheobronchial: Collapsing Trachea - Signs

A

goose honk cough (exacerbated by excitement), cyanotic

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34
Q

Tracheobronchial: Collapsing Trachea - Dx

A

imaging, Hx, signs,

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35
Q

Tracheobronchial: Collapsing Trachea - Tx

A

break cough cycle, sx

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36
Q

Tracheobronchial: Chronic Canine Bronchitis - Signs

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary dz, daily cough, exercise intolerance, wheeze

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37
Q

Tracheobronchial: Chronic Canine Bronchitis - Dx

A

rule out other dz

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38
Q

Tracheobronchial: Chronic Canine Bronchitis - Tx

A

eliminate triggers

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39
Q

Tracheobronchial: Idiopathic Feline Bronchitis - Signs

A

chronic/intermittent cough, acute resp. distress, wheeze, crackles, inc. expiratory effort

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40
Q

Tracheobronchial: Idiopathic Feline Bronchitis - Dx

A

imaging, rule out

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41
Q

Tracheobronchial: Idiopathic Feline Bronchitis - Tx

A

eliminate triggers, pred, nebulizer, bronchodilator

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42
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Signs

A

expiration difficulty, inc. rate + effort, exercise intolerance

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43
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pneumonia - Etiology

A

bacterial, apiration, viral, fungal, parasitic

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44
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pneumonia - Dx

A

Imaging, infection hemogram, cytology

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45
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pneumonia - Tx

A

antibiotics, nebulization, supportive

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46
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - Signs

A

slow onset of exercise intolerance, respiratory distress, tachypnea, chough, crackles

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47
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - Dx

A

imaging, biopsy

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48
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Neoplasia - Etiology

A

Primary - adenocarcinoma, SCC Secondary - metastatic

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49
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Neoplasia - Dx

A

imaging, biopsy

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50
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Neoplasia - Tx

A

sx, chemo

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51
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pulmonary Edema - Mechanisms

A

vascular overload, dec. oncotic pressure, inc. capillary permiability, lymphatic obstruction

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52
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pulmonary Edema - Signs

A

crackles in perihylar region

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53
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pulmonary Edema - Dx

A

imaging - air bronchogram in perihylar region

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54
Q

Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pulmonary Edema - Tx

A

treat primary dz, cage rest, supportive, diuretics

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55
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Etiology

A

necrosis, edema, neutrophilic infiltrate of the pancreas

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56
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Signs

A

depression, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, shock, coagulopathy

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57
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Lab

A

Left shift, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia, inc. PLI + liver enzymes

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58
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Dx

A

imaging, PLI (dog), TLI (cat), biopsy

59
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Tx

A

supportive - fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, GI protectants, nutrition

60
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatits - Presentation

A

acute due to flare up

61
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Signs

A

intermittent , low grade - anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain

62
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Dx

A

TLI, imaging, biopsy

63
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Tx

A

supportive - fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, GI protectants, nutrition

64
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Etiology

A

Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy (genetic), chronic pancreatitis

65
Q

How much of the pancreas must lose function before signs of EPI?

66
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Signs

A

wt loss, poor hair coat, inc. appetite, coprophagia, diarrhea

67
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Dx

A

reactive hepatopathy, TLI

68
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Tx/Management

A

supplemental enzymes, individualized diet, poss. B12

69
Q

Liver: Indicator Enzymes

A

Intracellular - ALT, AST Membrane bound - ALKP, GGT bilirubin

70
Q

Liver: Dx Tests

A

Bile Acids Stim., Ammonia tolerance, coag., biopsy

71
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Hepatic Failure - Signs

A

dull, vomit, PU/PD, poss. icterus

72
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Hepatic Failure - Lab

A

inc. ALT, poss. ALP + Bilirubin

73
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Fulminant Hepatic Failure - Signs

A

anorexia, v/d, dull, hepatic enchalopathy, seizures, coag. disorders

74
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Fulminant Hepatic Failure - Lab

A

inc. ALT, ALP, bilirubin dec. glucose, albumin, urea

75
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Dx

A

chem, coag, U/S

76
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, SAMe, feed, supportive

77
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Etiology

A

toxins (acetaminophen, carprofen, aflatoxin), metabolic (lipidosis), infection, hypoxia

78
Q

Chronic Liver Dz: Etiology

A

copper accumulation, idiopathic, chronic cholangiohepatitis, drug induced, infectious, vacuolar hepatopathies

79
Q

Chronic Liver Dz: Signs

A

lethargy, anorexia, v/d, wt. loss, ascites, PU/PD, icterus

80
Q

Chronic Liver Dz: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, diet (low fat, high protein), supportive

81
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Etiology

A

supurative/lymphatic cholangitis

82
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Signs

A

anorexia, pyrexia, jaundace, abdominal pain

83
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Lab

A

inc. ALT, ALP, GGT, bilirubin

84
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Dx

A

chem, U/S, histo

85
Q

Inflammatory Liver Dz: Supurative/Lymphatic Tx

A

antibiotics, supportive/pred, supportive

86
Q

Biliary Tract Obstruction: Etiology

A

Dog - edema, inflammation, fibrosis

Cat - inflammation, pancreatitis

87
Q

Biliary Obsruction: Signs

A

icterus, vomit, anorexia, dull, pain

88
Q

Biliary Obstruction: Lab

A

inc. bilirubin, ALKP, GGT, cholesterol

89
Q

Biliary Obstruction: Dx

A

chem, radiographs, U/S

90
Q

Biliary Obstruction: Tx

A

supportive, sx

91
Q

Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystitis - Dx

A

radiographs, U/S

92
Q

Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystitis - Tx

A

supportive, sx

93
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Etiology

A

high fat, low fiber diet

94
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Signs

A

icterus, anorexia, lehargy, diarrhea, PU/PD

95
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Lab

A

severe inc. enzyme; inc. cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin

96
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Dx

A

chem, U/S (kiwi appearance)

97
Q

Gallbladder Mucocele: Tx

98
Q

Pharyngitis: Signs

A

anorexia, lethargy, cough, dysphagia, odynophagia, pyrexia

99
Q

Pharyngitis: Etiology

A

viral, neoplasia, secondary bact, foreign body

100
Q

Pharyngitis: Dx

A

CBC, DI, endoscopy, biopsy

101
Q

Pharyngitis: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, symptomatic

102
Q

What is a polyp?

A

fibrocartilage

103
Q

Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystis - Class

A

I - no rupture

II - Bile peritonitis

III - omental adhesion

104
Q

Dysphagia: Oral Phase Signs

A

tilting head to swallow

105
Q

Dysphagia: Pharyngeal Phase Signs

A

cough, gagging, nasal discharge

106
Q

Dysphagia: Cricopharyngeal Phase Signs

A

repeated effort to swallow, cough, gagging

107
Q

Dysphagia: Etiology

A

foreign body, infection, neoplasia

108
Q

Dysphagia: Dx

109
Q

Dysphagia: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, symptomatic, temporary esophagostomy tube

110
Q

Esophageal Dz: Examples

A

megaesophagus, myasthenia gravis, vascular ring anomolies, esophagitis, stricture, hiatal hernia

111
Q

Esophageal Dz: Signs

A

regurg, dysphagia, wt loss

112
Q

Esophageal Dz: Dx

A

DI (contrast), endoscopy

113
Q

Esophageal Dz: Megaesophagus - Pathophysiology

A

generalized esophageal dilation

114
Q

Esophageal Dz: Myasthenia Gravis - Pathophysiology

A

autoimmune antibodies against acetyl choline receptors

115
Q

Esophageal Dz: Esophagitis - Pathophysiology

A

chronic exposure to gastric acid

116
Q

Esophageal Dz: Hiatal Hernia - Types

A

sliding, paraesophageal

117
Q

Gastric Dz: DDx

A

acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, dec. gastric outflow, gastric ulcer, infiltrative gastric dz

118
Q

Gastric Dz: Acute Gastritis - Etiology

A

bad food, foreign body, toxin, drugs

119
Q

Gastric Dz: Chronic Gastritis - Etiology

A

IBD, helicobacter, physaloptera

120
Q

Gastric Dz: Gastric Outflow Problems - Etiology

A

idiopathic hypomotility

121
Q

Gastric Dz: Gastric Ulcers - Etiology

A

shock, drugs, tumor

122
Q

Gastric Dz: Infiltrative Gastric Dz - Etiology

A

IBD, neoplasia

123
Q

Diarrhea: Definition

A

inc. in frequency or volume, and/or change in concistancy

124
Q

Diarrhea: Small Intestine Origin - Appearance

A

inc. volume, melena, vomiting

125
Q

Diarrhea: Large Intestine Origin - Appearance

A

inc. frequency; dec. volume; tenesmus, mucus, fresh blood

126
Q

SI Acute Diarrhea: Systemic Etiologies

A

acute pancreatitis, liver/renal dz, addison’s, sepsis

127
Q

SI Acute Diarrhea: GIT Etiologies

A

viral, bacterial, obstruction

128
Q

SI Acute Diarrhea: Tx

A

supprotive (fluids)

129
Q

LI Acute Diarrhea: Management

A

diet, anti-parasitics

130
Q

LI Chronic Diarrhea: Management

A

sulfasalazine, High soluble fiber diet

131
Q

Constipation: Etiologies

A

diet/environment, pain, obstruction, neurologic, metaolic, drug induced

132
Q

Constipation: Signs

A

blood +/ mucus, vomit, hyperemic mm, mass palpated,

133
Q

Constipation: Dx

A

DI, endoscopy

134
Q

Constipation: Tx

A

correct fluids, laxatives, treat underlying cause

135
Q

Megacolon: Signs

A

depression, progressive, mass palpated

136
Q

Megacolon: Etiology

A

irreversible neural dmg => no parastalsis

137
Q

Megacolon: Dx

138
Q

Megacolon: Tx

A

stool softener, enemas

139
Q

Recto-Anal Fistula: Signs

A

pain, inflammation, tenesmus, blood/mucus in feces

140
Q

Recto-Anal Fistula: Dx

A

signs, rectal

141
Q

Recto-Anal Fistula: Tx

A

clip + clean, ciclosporin, supportive

142
Q

Anal Saculitis: Signs

A

“scooting”, tenesmus, pain

143
Q

Anal Saculitis: Dx

A

signs, rectal

144
Q

Anal Saculitis: Tx

A

express +/- lavage, local infusions

Small Animal Medicine (8 decks)

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