Final Flashcards
Salmonella: Signs
Bloody v/d
Campylobacter: Signs
mucousy diarrhea, inc. frequency
Helicobacter: Signs
v/d, wt loss
Helicobacter: Tx
triple therapy
Brucellosis: Common Transmission
aborted material
Brucellosis: Signs
M - enlarged scrotum, infertility, testicular atrophy
F - infertility, abortion
Actinomyces: Origin
Oral cavity
Actinomyces: Tx
penicillin
Nocardia: Commonly causes
pyothorax
Nocardia: Tx
TMS
Borrelia burgdorferi: Osp in tick salivary gland?
OspC
When to sign from Lyme dz develop?
2-5 mo post infection
Borrelia burgdorferi: Tx
Doxycycline
Leptopirosis: Signs
Liver and kidney failure
Lepto: Tx
doxycycline
What is the pathophysiology for most rickettsial organisms?
rickettsia replicate in endothelial cells => inc. permiability => leakage + vasculitis => dec. plateletes
What WBC does Ehrlichia infect?
mononuclear
What WBC does Anaplasma infect?
neutrophils
Neosporosis: Signs
pelvic extensor rigidity
Neosporosis: Tx
clindamycin
What cell do Mycoplasma infect?
RBC
Mycoplasma: Tx
doxycycline
What cell do Cytauxzoon infect?
RBC
Cytauxzoon: Signs
dyspnea, icterus, pale mm, splenomgaly
Sporotrichosis: Forms
cutaneous, cutaneolymphatic, disseminated
Sporotrichosis: Tx
itraconazole
Hypothyroidism: Signs
lethargy, obesity, cold intolerance, skin issues, pale MM, bradycardia
Hypothyroid: Hormone Levels
dec. TT4 + fT4; inc. TSH
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome: Hormone Levels
dec. TT4; normal fT4 + TSH
Hypothyroid: Dx
TSH stim, signs + Hormone levels
Hypothyroid: Tx
replacement therapy, monitoring
Hyperthyroid: Causes
hyperplasia/neoplasia
Hyperthyroid: Signs
PU/PD, PP, v/d, enlarged thyroid
Hyperthyroid: Dx
signs, high TT4
Hyperthyroid: Tx Options
diet, meds, surgical, radiotherapy
Hyperadrenocorticism: Signs
pot belly, PU/PD, PP, muscle weakness, wt. gain, stress leukogram
Hyperadrenocorticism: Dx
urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio, ACTH stim, LDDT
Hyperadrenocorticism: ACTH Stim (+) Test Results
significantly inc. cortisol
Hyperadrenocorticism: LDDT (+) Test Results
lack of suppression of ACTH or immediate recovery of ACTH (PDHAC)
Hyperadrenocorticism: Differentiating Tests
ACTH Assay - inc. = PDHAC, dec. = ADHAC
Hyperadrenocorticism: Tx
meds - Trilostane, mitotane; sx
Hypoadrenocorticism: Causes
immune mediated, iatrogenic
Hypoadrenocorticism: Signs of Crisis
dehydration, inc. CRT, anorexia, vomiting, pale mm, anemia, lack of stress leukogram
Hypoadrenocorticism: Dx
ACTH Stim - no change (low)
Hypoadrenocorticism: Crisis Tx
fluids, control hyperkalemia
Hypoadrenocorticism: Long-term Tx
Fludrocortisone (M+G), DOCP (M)
Diabetes Mellitus: Signs
PU/PD, PP, wt. loss, exercise intolerance, recurrent UTI
Diabetes Mellitus: Dx
glucoseuria, inc. BG (not caused by stress), Fructosamines
Diabetes Mellitus: Tx balances
diet, insulin, exercise
Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Types - Function
Short Acting (soluble/isophane) - CRI Intermediate Acting (Lente/Vetsulin) - canine tx Long acting (PZI/Glargine) - feline tx
Diabetes Mellitus: Monitoring
glucose curves, fructosamine
Diabetes Mellitus: Ideal Energy Source - feline
50-55% ME from protein
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Signs
dehydration, v/d +/- blood, poor perfusion, met. acidosis, collapse
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Dx
blood + urine ketones, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, PLI
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Tx
1) correct fluid + electrolyte imbalance
2) insulin CRI (separate cannula from fluids)
3) monitor - TPR, PCV, TP, K
Insulinoma: Signs
Hypoglycemia -
behavior change, weakness, ataxia, tremors, seizures
Insulinoma: Dx
inc. insulin, dec. glucose/fructosamine
Insulinoma: Hypoglycemia Tx
small frequent meals, pred, diazoxide
Insulinoma: Tx
surgery
Hypercalcemia: Signs
PU/PD, weakness, lethargy, v/d, inappetance
Hypercalcemia: DDx
Hyperparathyroidism Addison's Renal failure D Vit toxicosis Idiopathic Oseolysis Neoplasia Spurious
Hypercalcemia: Quick Fix
saline dilution/diuresis
Hyperparathyroidism: Signs
muscle wasting, weakness, obesity, abnormal ECG
Hypocalcemia: Signs
stiffness, tremors
Hypocalcemia: Dx
dec. PTH
Hypocalcemia: Tx
Immediate - Ca gluconate
Long Term - calcitrol