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GI > Gibneys + Dreyfus. - Histo Of Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Gibneys + Dreyfus. - Histo Of Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

How does The muscularis externa change depending on which part of the esophagus you are in?

A

Upper - all skeletal
Middle - half skeletal half smooth
Lower - all smooth

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2
Q

What kind of epithelium in the esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

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3
Q

What type of epithelium does the stomach have?

A

Simple columnar with no goblet cells and villi. 3 layers of muscularis externa as opposed to the esophagus that had 2.
- Has pits and glands

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4
Q

What is the location called that we switch from stratified squamous to simple columnar?

A

Gastoesophageal junction

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5
Q

Cardiac of the stomach

A
  • mostly mucous secreting glands
  • glands are tubular, coiled, and perhaps branched
  • 1:1 ratio of Piti to gland
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6
Q

Fundus of the stomach

A
  • most colorful area due to staining o chief and parietal cells.
  • 1:3 ratio of pit to glands
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7
Q

WHAT COLOR DO parietal cells stain? Chief cells?

A

Parietal - red stain

Chief - blue

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8
Q

What does a chief cell secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

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9
Q

What does an Inactive parietal cell secrete?

A

HCl, HCO3-, IF

- lots of mitochondria and tubules and vesicles termed the “membrane reserves”

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10
Q

Pyloric stomach

A
  • mostly mucous secreting glands
  • no chief or parietal cells
  • glands are branched, coiled tubular glands with a wide lumen
  • 3:1 pit to gland ratio.
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11
Q

What part of the stomach can you find the chief and parietal cells?

A

Fundus

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12
Q

Gastroduodenal junction

A

Stomach - no goblet cells
Duodenum - yes goblet cells

Stomach - no villi
Duodenum - yes villi

Stomach - 3 layers of muscularis externa
Duodenum - 2 layers of muscularis externa

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13
Q

Histological features of the SI

A
  • goblet cells
  • villi
  • simple columnar epithelium
  • crypts of Lieberkuhn
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14
Q

Plicae circularis

A

Sub mucosal folds in the intestines that increase surface area

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15
Q

KEy feature of the duodenum

A

Brunners glands - produce alkaline secretion to neutralize acidity of stomach.
- in mucosal layer

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16
Q

Key feature of the jejunum

A

Long villi

17
Q

Lacteals

A

Found in the villi.

- Processing of lipids into chylomicrons occurs in the enterocytes and is then discharged into the lacteals.

18
Q

Key feature of the Ileum

A

Peyers Patches - lymphoid nodules

- short and fat villi

19
Q

M-cell

A

Specialized epithelial cell that takes up antigens which are then transported by transcytosis to present immunocompetent B lymphocytes.

  • Essentially responsible for getting rid of invading microbes/pathogens in the ileum.
  • found in the peters patches.
20
Q

DNES cells

A
  • found throughout the digestive system
  • secretes hormones such as gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, and motility.
  • secretes these hormones directly into the blood circulation.
  • influences motility and digestion
  • can be open or closed
21
Q

Paneth cells

A

Located at the bottom of crypts. They monitor microbial flora.
- they produce lysozyme, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and defensins/cryptidins

22
Q

4 layers of the GI tract

A

Mucosa - epithelium, lamina, propria, muscularis mucosae
Sub mucosa
Muscularis externa - Circular + Longitudinal
(Serosa)
- More Sweet Chili Langert

23
Q

Key features of the colon

A

No villi
Increase in goblet cells
Taenia coli

24
Q

Plicae semilunar

A

Submucoal fold in the large intestine

25
Q

Appendix

A

Same epithelial lining as the colon
Differs. From colon in that it has a uniform layer of longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa
Key feature - many lymph nodules with germinal centers

26
Q

Recto-anal junction

A

Simple columnar with goblet cells –> stratified squamous epithelium

27
Q

What is a key feature of the esophagus

A

Mucous glands are found in the lamina propria or th submucosa. These glands lubricate the esophagus so that food can pass down.

28
Q

What are the 6 cells of the stomach?

A 
Surface mucous cells
Neck Mucous cells
Stem cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells 
DNES (enteric doctrine) cells
29
Q

Surface mucous cells

A
  • granules contain glycoproteins (mucins) that combine with water on the surface to form a protective and insoluble gel. They produce HCO3- that diffuses into surface mucous gel
30
Q

Neck mucous cells

A

Produce soluble mucous

31
Q

What hormones regulate acid secretion

A

Acetylcholine, histamine, and gastrin

- parietal cells have receptors for all three of these.

32
Q

Why does pH go up after eating a large. Meal

A

In order for Cl to be excreted from parietal cells, it first has to be taken up. It does this through a Cl-/HCO3- swap. This way, we still have a H+ left over from the break down of H20 and CO2 to be sent out into the lumen.

33
Q

What activates chief cells?

A

Acetylcholine or secretin.

34
Q

What activates Pepsinogen?

A

H+

35
Q

Stem cells

A
  • in base of gastric pits
  • give rise to mature epithelium in 4-5 days
  • replace damaged cells rom the gastric lumen
36
Q

What 5 things act in a protective role of the GI epithelium?

A 
Bicarbonate mucus
Prostaglandins that increase local circulation and secretion of HCO3-
Tight junctions
Pepsinogen
Stem cells
37
Q

6 cells of the SI

A 
Enterocytes
Goblet cells
Paneth cells
immune cells
Stem cells
DNES cells
38
Q

Enterocytes

A

Absorption of lipids in order to make chylomicrons. .

  • also absorbs sugars, AAs, vitamins, minerals, ions, and water.
  • makes enzymes associated with glycocalyx
39
Q

What are the names of the two arteriolar systems in the villi? What other part of the circulatory system is in the villi?

A

Capillary villus plexus - supplies the tip of the villi
Pericryptal capillary plexus - supplies the crypt
- Also has a lacteal

GI (27 decks)

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