Fan. - Microbiota Flashcards
What is the major difference between colonic bacteria. And SI bacteria?
I nthe colon the bacteria are mostly anaerobes whereas in the SI they are mostly aerobes. And facultative anaerobes.
What are the 3 types of host-microbial interactions?
Commensalism, mutualism, parisitism.
Key research tools for studying gut Microbiota
Metagenomics - sequencing and computing technologies.
Gnotobiotic animals - keep animal in germ free area and feed them germ free food, you can compare the germ free animal vs a regular animal.
High sensitivity Instrumentation - metabolomics, high sensitivity instrumentation for metabolite profiling.
What are some changes between germ free mice and regular mice?
- muscle layers are thicker in conventional mouse. We know that muscle is involved in gut motility.
- germ free mice have insufficient GALT.
- Germ free animals have longer villi.
With regards to weight wha are the differences between germ free and normal mice?
Germ free are more lean and have less epididymal fat.
How do we digest indigestible polysaccharides?
The gut microbes break them down into pyruvate. From pyruvate because there is no O2, then further break it down into short chain fatty acids and ATP. We then pick up the short chain fatty acids and use them for fuel.
WHat vitamin is made by the microbes?
Vitamin K, which is important for coagulation.
What occurs with a knockout of toll like receptor 5 (TLR5)
Mice exhibit metabolic syndrome and dysbiosis.
How did they Use Kwashiorkor to prove that mamluniitrition Causes dysbiosis and also that dysbiosis causes. Malnutrition?
They gave malnourished kwashiorkor children normal Malawian diet and you saw a maturation of their Microbiota, which means that malnutrition caused dysbiosis.
They also saw sever weight loss in gnotobiotic mice involuntary with Microbiota of kwashiorkor co-twins and saw severe weight loss, which tells us that dysbiosis causes malnutrition.
What is the Microbiotas role in immunity?
- They compete with the pathogens for nutrients and adhesion sites.
- Microbiota also secrete antimicrobial factors such as bile acids, lactic acids, and bacteriocins.
- Microbiota is also involved in toxin degradation.
- microbiota also stimulate GALT development.
What can happen if you give someone antibiotics, how can it affect their microflora?
Antibiotics can cause dysbiosis which can give you diarrhea.
Can Microbiota help pathogens?
Yes, so maybe you can give antibiotics for viral infections in the future?
What are some Microbiota-associated conditions?
Cancer, IBD, arthritis, autoimmune disease, mental health, aging, global warming etc.
Mucosal defense
The gut microbiome Is part of the innate immunity and affects GALT. It also affects the production of IgA.
Dysbiosis
When a disease occurs we often see a change in Microbiota.
