GI tract Flashcards
Define: Nausea
- Are improtant protective mechanisms agaisnt the ingestion and effects of toxins.
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Vomiting (emesis)
- Higher cortical centres of the brain
- The chemoreceptor tigger zone
- The labyrinth/ vestibular system of the inner er through ear through the vestibulocochlear nerve
- The GI system and the phatynx
Regurgitation
This is the return of undigested food to the oesophagus and the month without force.
Anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV)
When discussing pateints recevining chemotherapy.
Retching
This is an attempt to vomit
Emetogensis
The process of vomiting
- Motor- Act of vomiting involve the phrenic nerve to the diaphram
- Parasympathetic- Increase in salivation
- Sympathetic nervous system- Sweating and increased heart rate
Constipation and diarrhoea
Define constipation
Not passing stools regularly or you’re unable to completely empty your bowel.
Constipation and diarrhoea
Define Diarrhoea
The passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day.
Constipation and diarrhoea
Types of primary constipation
Normal transit
Regular stool movement but unable to evacuate stool from rectum normally associate with diet, lack of exercise etc
Constipation and diarrhoea
Types of primary constipation
Slow transit
Impaired colon activity results in infrequent bowel movemnt, straining and some abdominal distention
Constipation and diarrhoea
Types of primary constipation
Outlet dysfunction
Poor function of the pelvic floor or anal sphincter
Constipation and diarrhoea
Secondary constipation
simple dehydration or inadequate fluid intake, metabolic disturbances, medications, neurological disorders, myopathic disorders and structural abnormalities
Constipation and diarrhoea
Types of diarrhoea
Osmotic
- Water retension in the intestines
- Excessive sugar or salt
Constipation and diarrhoea
Types of diarrhoea
Secretory
Volume og fuild secreted is greater than the volume absored
Constipation and diarrhoea
Types of diarrhoea
Motility
Inadequate absoroption takes place, fuild is delivered to the colon overwhelming it and its absorptive capability causing diarrhoea
Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition
Define Anorexia
Abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of weight.
Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition
Eating disorders
Avoidant restricitve food intake disorder
Restriction of food intake
Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition
Eating disorders
Bulimia nervosa
large amount of food in a short period of time and then being sick
Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition
Eating disorders
Binge eating disorder
When you eat a large amount of food in a short amount of time and feel you can’t control what or how much you are eating
Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition
Eating disorder
PICA
An eating disorder in which a person eats things not usually considered food.
Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition
Human starvation effects
Substantial weight loss, wasting away of the body’s tissues and eventually death
Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition
Refeeding syndrone
The potentially fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes that may occur in malnourished patients receiving artificial refeeding
What is the process of vomiting?
- Noxious stimuli
- Vomiting centre stimulates motor, Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
- Pre- ejection
- Ejection
