GI tract

Question 1

Define: Nausea

Answer 1

• Are improtant protective mechanisms agaisnt the ingestion and effects of toxins.
  *

Question 2

Vomiting (emesis)

Answer 2

• Higher cortical centres of the brain
• The chemoreceptor tigger zone
• The labyrinth/ vestibular system of the inner er through ear through the vestibulocochlear nerve
• The GI system and the phatynx

Question 3

Regurgitation

Answer 3

This is the return of undigested food to the oesophagus and the month without force.

Question 4

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV)

Answer 4

When discussing pateints recevining chemotherapy.

Question 5

Retching

Answer 5

This is an attempt to vomit

Question 6

Emetogensis

The process of vomiting

Answer 6

1. Motor- Act of vomiting involve the phrenic nerve to the diaphram
2. Parasympathetic- Increase in salivation
3. Sympathetic nervous system- Sweating and increased heart rate

Question 7

Constipation and diarrhoea

Define constipation

Answer 7

Not passing stools regularly or you’re unable to completely empty your bowel.

Question 8

Constipation and diarrhoea

Define Diarrhoea

Answer 8

The passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day.

Question 9

Constipation and diarrhoea

Types of primary constipation

Normal transit

Answer 9

Regular stool movement but unable to evacuate stool from rectum normally associate with diet, lack of exercise etc

Question 10

Constipation and diarrhoea

Types of primary constipation

Slow transit

Answer 10

Impaired colon activity results in infrequent bowel movemnt, straining and some abdominal distention

Question 11

Constipation and diarrhoea

Types of primary constipation

Outlet dysfunction

Answer 11

Poor function of the pelvic floor or anal sphincter

Question 12

Constipation and diarrhoea

Secondary constipation

Answer 12

simple dehydration or inadequate fluid intake, metabolic disturbances, medications, neurological disorders, myopathic disorders and structural abnormalities

Question 13

Constipation and diarrhoea

Types of diarrhoea

Osmotic

Answer 13

• Water retension in the intestines
• Excessive sugar or salt

Question 14

Constipation and diarrhoea

Types of diarrhoea

Secretory

Answer 14

Volume og fuild secreted is greater than the volume absored

Question 15

Constipation and diarrhoea

Types of diarrhoea

Motility

Answer 15

Inadequate absoroption takes place, fuild is delivered to the colon overwhelming it and its absorptive capability causing diarrhoea

Question 16

Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition

Define Anorexia

Answer 16

Abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of weight.

Question 17

Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition

Eating disorders

Avoidant restricitve food intake disorder

Answer 17

Restriction of food intake

Question 18

Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition

Eating disorders

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 18

large amount of food in a short period of time and then being sick

Question 19

Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition

Eating disorders

Binge eating disorder

Answer 19

When you eat a large amount of food in a short amount of time and feel you can’t control what or how much you are eating

Question 20

Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition

Eating disorder

PICA

Answer 20

An eating disorder in which a person eats things not usually considered food.

Question 21

Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition

Human starvation effects

Answer 21

Substantial weight loss, wasting away of the body’s tissues and eventually death

Question 22

Causes/ sequalae of malnutrition

Refeeding syndrone

Answer 22

The potentially fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes that may occur in malnourished patients receiving artificial refeeding

Question 23

What is the process of vomiting?

Answer 23

1. Noxious stimuli
2. Vomiting centre stimulates motor, Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
3. Pre- ejection
4. Ejection