G.I. Pt 2

Question 1

Inspection of the large intestines (examines the entire length of colon)

Answer 1

Colonoscopy

-every 5 yr after age 50

Question 2

3rd most common cancer in both genders

Answer 2

Colon Cancer

Question 3

Colon polyps vs. colon cancer

Answer 3

Polyps are often non-cancerous growths, but some can develop into cancer

Question 4

_____ ____ is the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S

Answer 4

Colon Cancer

-risk factors: older age (>50), family hx, Crohns, Ulcerative Colitis, polyps, high fat, low fiber diet

Question 5

TNM

Answer 5

Tumor
Node
Metastasis

Question 6

Recurrent granulomatous type of inflammatory response, affecting any area of GI tract but mainly the ileum and cecum. Slowly progressive, bowel becomes fibrotic, thickened and inflexible

Answer 6

Crohn’s Disease

• can affect both large and small intestines
• Complications include fistula formation, intestinal obstruction

Question 7

Chromosomes _, _, _q have locations implicated in development related to mucosal immunity

Answer 7

16, 6, 5

Question 8

• May arise at any age, with peak incidence in 3rd decade
• confined to RECTUM and COLON
• Relapsing disorder and will have diarrhea containing blood and pus for weeks

Answer 8

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 9

• Bacterial infection associated with antibiotic therapy
• Gram positive spore forming bacillus
• Isolation in hospital until 3 clear cultures obtained

Answer 9

Clostridium difficle Colitis

-treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics disrupts normal flora allowing for colonization

Question 10

A condition in which small, bulging pouches develop in the digestive tract

Answer 10

Diverticulosis

Question 11

An inflammation or infection in one or more small pouches in the digestive tract.

May cause peritonitis

Answer 11

Diverticulitis

Question 12

RLQ pain, rebound tenderness, elevated WBC, surgery

Answer 12

Appendicitis

Question 13

_________ due to inflamed adhesions and infection

Answer 13

Peritonitis

-Perforation of the intestines or an ulcer is the usual cause

Question 14

______ _______: Strangulation leads to necrosis, perforation, and sepsis

Answer 14

Bowel obstruction

• may be caused by adhesions
• Mechanical or paralytic

Question 15

Twisting of the bowel

Answer 15

Volvulus

Question 16

Telescoping of the bowel into an adjacent part

Answer 16

Intussception

Question 17

_______ ____ will occur after surgery with general anesthesia. No bowel sounds present. Gases and fluids accumulate in the gut, causing further problems with fluids and electrolytes.

Answer 17

Paralytic ileus

Question 18

Causes of Acute or Chronic Hepatitis

Answer 18

• Viruses
• Chronic alcoholism
• Drug toxicities
• Autoimmune disorders

Question 19

Mechanism of injury is probably direct cellular injury, inflammation, and induction of immune responses.

More symptoms, the more likely the person will get rid of the virus and not become a carrier

Answer 19

Viral Hepatitis

Question 20

_______ ____ in which symptoms are vague, the person is fatigued, myalgia, severe anorexia, N&V, diarrhea or constipation, dark urine

Answer 20

Prodromal phase

Question 21

_____ ____: Above symptoms worsen along with the beginning of jaundice, about 5-10 days after prodromal phase

Answer 21

Icterus Phase

Question 22

__________ ____: Improving symptoms after 2-3 weeks with complete recovery in Hep A in 9 weeks, 16 weeks in Hep B.

Answer 22

Convalescent Phase

Question 23

_________ _ contracted through fecal oral route mainly in contaminated food and water. Sources are day care centers and cafeteria food workers

Answer 23

Hepatitis A (does not cause chronic hepatitis)

Question 24

_________ _ contracted mainly through blood, semen, oral. Worldwide method of transmission: perinatal. USA: IV drug use and sex

Answer 24

Hepatitis B

Question 25

__________ _: most common cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide; blood transmission, rec drug use and semen are the most common routes. Also tattoo and acupuncture

Answer 25

Hepatitis C

Question 26

Most common cause of liver cirrhosis is….

Cirrhosis impairs all functions of the liver

Answer 26

alcohol abuse

Question 27

_______ _______ caused by liver cirrhosis. Can lead to esophageal varices (immediate attention)

Answer 27

Portal hypertension

Question 28

Traveler’s diarrhea usually caused by

Answer 28

E. coli

Question 29

Categories of Laxatives:

Answer 29

• Bulk Forming
• Surfactant (stool softener)
• Stimulants (irritate the bowel and promote peristalsis)
• Osmotic (pull water into the lumen of the bowel