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Alimentary System > GI Pharmacology > Flashcards

GI Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the drug groups used for acid suppression?

A

Antacids
Alginates
H2 antagonists
PPIs

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2
Q

What is an example of an antacid?

A

Maalox (aluminium + magnesium)
Rennie (calcium)

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3
Q

How do antacids work?

A

Neutralise stomach acids by the active base reacting with the acid

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4
Q

What is an example of an alginate?

A

Gaviscon

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5
Q

How do alginates work?

A

Alginate forms a gel like raft that sits on top of stomach contents

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6
Q

What is an example of a H2 antagonist?

A

Ranitidine

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7
Q

How do H2 antagonists work?

A

Block H2 histamine receptors stopping influx of hydrogen into intestinal lumen

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8
Q

When are H2 antagonists indicated?

A

Gastric ulcers
GORD
Dyspepsia

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9
Q

What is an example of a PPI?

A

Omeprazole
Lansoprazole

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10
Q

How do PPI’s work?

A

Inhibit H+/K+ ATPase proton pump to reduce acid secretion

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11
Q

When are PPIs indicated?

A

Gastric ulcers
GORD
Dyspepsia
H. pylori eradication

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12
Q

What are the drug groups used for nausea and vomiting?

A

Antiemetics

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13
Q

What drugs are used against the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ)?

A

D2 (dopamine) receptors- haloperidol
5HT3 receptors- ondansetron

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14
Q

What drugs are used against the vomiting centre?

A

5HT2 receptors- levomepromazine
H1 histamine receptor- cyclizine, levomepromazine
ACH muscarinic receptor- cylcizine, levomepromazine

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15
Q

What drugs are used against the gut?

A

5HT4 agonist- metoclopramide
DT agonist- metoclopramide
Motilin- macrolide antibiotic

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16
Q

What are the drug groups used for GI motility?

A

Antispasmodics
Antidiarrheal
Laxatives

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17
Q

What is the function of antispasmodics?

A

Muscle relaxation

18
Q

What are the 2 types of antispasmodics?

A

Antimuscarinics- Buscopan
Calcium channel blockers- peppermint oil

19
Q

What is the function of antidiarrheals?

A

Slow down gut motility

20
Q

What are the types of antidiarrheals

A

Opioids:
- Loperamide
- Codeine
- Morphine

21
Q

What are the 4 types of laxatives?

A

Bulk forming- isphagula
Stool softeners- docusate
Osmotic laxatives- lactulose
Stimulant laxatives- bisacodyl

22
Q

How do bulk forming laxatives work?

A

Increase bulk of stool which stimulates stretch receptors increasing peristalsis

23
Q

How do stool softeners work?

A

Incorporate more water into stool

24
Q

How do osmotic laxatives work?

A

Act as solutes in the fluid in the gut. Sets up concentration gradient for more water to stay in bowel

25
Q

How do stimulant laxatives work?

A

Irritate bowel to stimulate it to increase peristalsis

26
Q

What are the drug groups used for IBD treatment?

A
  1. Aminosalicylates
  2. Corticosteroids
  3. Immunosuppressants
  4. Biologics
27
Q

What is an example of an aminosalicylate?

A

Mesalazine

28
Q

What is the function of Aminosalicylates?

A

Induction and remission of UC

29
Q

What is an example of a corticosteroid?

A

Prednisilone
Budseonide

30
Q

What are the side effects of CORTICOSTEROIDs?

A
  • Cushing syndrome
  • Osteoporosis
  • Reduced growth
  • Thin skin
  • Immunosuppression
  • Cataracts
  • Oedema
  • Suppressed HP axis (foetal development)
  • Teratogenic
  • Emotional disturbance
  • Rise in BP
  • Obesity
  • Increased hair growth
  • Diabetes
31
Q

What is the function of corticosteroids?

A

Induction of remission in UC and CD

32
Q

What is an example of an immunosuppressant?

A

Azathioprine -> 6-mecaptopurine

33
Q

What are the 2 methods of action of biologics?

A

Block cytokines
Block recruitments of WBCs

34
Q

What biologics block cytokines?

A

Anti TNFa- Infliximab
Anti IL-12/23- Ustekinumab

35
Q

What biologics block recruitment of WBCs?

A

Anti-integrin
Vendolizumab

36
Q

What are the drug groups used for biliary secretions?

A

Bile acid sequestrants
Bile acid drugs

37
Q

What is an example of a bile acid sequestrant?

A

Cholestyramine

38
Q

What is the indication for bile acid sequestrants?

A

Pruritis from a biliary cause

39
Q

What is an example of a bile drug?

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid

40
Q

How does ursodeoxycholic acid work?

A

Inibits enzyme involved in formation of cholesterol and therefore restores the ratio of cholesterol to bile salts so non-calcified gallstones will slowly dissolve

41
Q

What is the indication for ursodeoxycholic acid?

A

Non calcified gall stones
Primary biliary cirrhosis

Alimentary System (24 decks)

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