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GI Final > GI Parasites and Worms (Quiz 2) > Flashcards

GI Parasites and Worms (Quiz 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hallmark of intestinal helminth infections

A
  • eosinophilia
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2
Q

what is the motile, feeding, reproducing form of protozoa

A
  • trophozoites
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3
Q

what are the thicked walled forms of protozoa that survives in the environment and are important in transmission

A
  • cysts
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4
Q

what are the flagellated forms of protozoa called

A
  • mastigotes
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5
Q

what is the hygiene hypothesis

A
  • lack of exposure to infectious agents and parasites as a child may increase susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing development of the immune system
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6
Q

transmission of entamoeba histolytica

A
  • fecal oral
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7
Q

host of entamoeba histolytica

A
  • humans only
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8
Q

entamoeba histolytica - intestinal trophozoites cause ______-

A
  • amebic dysentery
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9
Q

entamoeba histolytica can spread to

A
  • liver, lung, brain
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10
Q

entamoeba histolytica - which form is infectious

which form is pathogenic

which are shed in the feces of infected individuals

A
  • cysts
  • trophs
  • both
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11
Q

entamoeba histolytica on histopathology

A
  • flask-shaped ulcers
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12
Q

giardia lamblia transmission

A
  • fecal oral through food/water
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13
Q

giardia lamblia reservoirs

A
  • animals
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14
Q

giardia lamblia where are the trophozoites located

do they invade

A
  • duodenum

- don’t invade

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15
Q

giardia lamblia infection will cause these symptoms

A
  • malabsoprtion

- steatorrhea

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16
Q

giardia lamblia - which is the infectious portion

which is the pathogenic portion

which are shed by symptomatic people

which are shed by asymptomatic people

A
  • cysts
  • trophs
  • both
  • cysts only
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17
Q

cryptosporidium transmission

A
  • fecal/oral by contaminated food/water
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18
Q

cryptosporidium source

A
  • humans

- rarely animals

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19
Q

cryptosporidium - trophozoites go where

do they invade?

A
  • jejunum

- don’t invade

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20
Q

cryptosporidium infection symptoms

A
  • secretory diarrhea
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21
Q

cryptosporidium - which portion is infectious

which portion is pathogenic

A
  • oocysts

- trophs and sexual stages

22
Q

cryptosporidium cysts are resistant to

A
  • chlorine
23
Q

cryptosporidium problematic infection for what population

A
  • immunocompromised
24
Q

cryptosporidium - detection of ______ in fecal smears is diagnostic

A
  • acid-fast oocysts
25
Q

cestodes (tapeworms) found in

you find Taenia solium in

you find Taenia saginata in

A
  • raw or undercooked meat
  • pork
  • beef
26
Q

cestodes (tapeworms) adult worms go where in body

A
  • small intestine
27
Q

cestodes (tapeworms) ______ shed in feces

A
  • eggs or gravid proglottids
28
Q

cestodes (tapeworms) what do we ingest

A
  • cysts in muscle of meat
29
Q

what happens when T. solium eggs are ingested via fecal-oral transmission?

what does this cause?

is this a problem with T. saginata

A
  • larvae form cysticerci in brain, eyes, and skin
  • neurocysticercosis
  • no
30
Q

trematodes (flukes) and schistosomiasis

_______ stage in humans

________ stages in snails

A
  • sexual stages in humans

- asexual stages in snails

31
Q

trematodes (flukes) and schistosomiasis - transmission via

by which form

A
  • skin penetration

- by form released by snails into fresh water`

32
Q

trematodes (flukes) and schistosomiasis

___________ and ________ adult worms go to the mesenteric veins in the GI tract, eggs are shed in stool

A
  • S. mansoni and S. japonicum
33
Q

trematodes (flukes) and schistosomiasis

_____________ adult worms go to the bladder, eggs are shed in urine

can lead to increase _________ and risk of ________

A
  • S. haematobium
  • increased bladder cancer
  • increased risk of HIV transmission
34
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is a

A
  • pinworm
35
Q

Ascaris lumbercoides is a

A
  • large intestinal roundworm
36
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

________ are ingested and adult pinworms __________ in GI tract

A
  • eggs are ingested from feces coated soil

- adult pinworms remain in GI tract

37
Q

Ascaris lumbercoides larve travel to ________ and are ______ and ________

adults live ____________

A
  • Ascaris lumbercoides larvae travel to lungs, and are coughed up and swallowed
  • adults live in the small intestine
38
Q

Ascaris lumbercoides and Enterobium eggs

A
  • smooth Enterobium eggs

- bumpy Ascaris eggs

39
Q

Necator amerianus (hookworm) gets into body how

ends up where

A
  • penetrates skin through bare feet

- ends up in small intestine

40
Q

Necator amerianus (hookworm) adults attach where

causes

A
  • attach to intestinal mucosa

- causes bleeding and anemia

41
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae get into body how

end up where

what’s a characteristic symptom

A
  • penetrate skin
  • end up in small intestine
  • migrating rash
42
Q

how can Strongyloides stercoralis reinfect the host

A
  • reinfect without leaving the host - auto infection
43
Q

what are some antiprotozoal drugs

A
  • Nitroimidazoles
  • folate synthesis inhibitors
  • aminoglycosides
  • Amobocidal
44
Q

nitroamidazoles used to treat

A
  • giardia
  • entamoeba
  • cryptosporidia
45
Q

folate synthesis inhibitors (TMP-SMX) used to treat

A
  • cyclospora

- isospora

46
Q

ahminoglycosides (paromomycin) used to treat

A
  • Entamoeba histolytica
47
Q

Ameobocial (Iodoquinol) active against

A
  • Entamoeba cysts and trophozoites
48
Q

Praziquantel MOA

used to treat

A
  • damages tegument to cause worm paralysis
  • cestodes
  • trematodes
49
Q

Benzimidazoles MOA

used to treat

A
  • inhibit microtubule synthesis
  • cause glucose depletion
  • cestodes
  • nematodes
50
Q

Ivermectin MOA

used to treat

A
  • damages invertebrate nerve and muscle cells
  • causes worm paralysis
  • treats nematodes
51
Q

what are cestodes

A
  • tapeworms
52
Q

what are trematodes

A
  • flukes

GI Final (27 decks)

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