GI Obstruction / Displacement Flashcards
Ileus, Atony
Intestinal stasis from lack of effective innervation —> reduced peristalsis
Gross lesion of obstruction
Distended, thin-walled, (impacted) bowel
Causes of obstruction
Post-surgical manipulation
Peritonitis
Chronic dissension
Idiopathic
Congenital aganglionosis
Causes of gastric impaction
Poor quality fibrous roughage
Inadequate water
Inadequate mastication
Vagal nerve damage
Pyloric stenosis / outflow obstruction
Abomasal emptying defect (i.e. toxic)
Sequelae of chronic gastric impaction
Pressure necrosis, ulcers
Physical/mechanical obstructions
Foreign bodies
Enteroliths
Sand/forage
Parasites
Intussuception
Volvulus/torsion
Stenosis
Incarcerations
Sequelae of physical obstructions
Proximal intestinal dissension (fluid/gas)
Bacterial overgrowth —> toxin
Electrolyte imbalance/hypovolemia
Segmental intestinal ischemia
Perforation / septic peritonitis
Pressure necrosis
Common gastric displacements
Bovine abomasal displacements (RDA - volvulus, emergency; LDA - common/intermittent)
Canine GDV (gas bloat —> volvulus, emergency)
Equine acute gastric dilation (—> rupture)
Intussusception
Invagination (telescoping) of a proximal segment of bowel into a distal segment
Examples of intestinal volvulus / torsion
Jejunum mesenteric root vs segmental volvulus
Large colon or spiral colon volvulus
Cecal torsion
Examples of intestinal herniations/incarcerations
Herniations: inguinal, umbilical, epiploic foramen
Incarcerations: strangulating lipoma, mesenteric rent, abdominal adhesions
Common intestinal displacements
Intussusception
Volvulus/torsion
Herniations/incarceration
Common causes of Intussusception
Ascarids, cestodes, Strongyles
Inflammation
Foreign body
Intramural lesion
Sequelae of Intussusception
Obstruction / passive congestion —> venous infarct —> opportunistic infection —> peritonitis, shock, death
Volvulus
Twisting of stomach or small intestine around mesenteric axis
LA>SA
