GI Obstruction / Displacement Flashcards

1
Q

Ileus, Atony

A

Intestinal stasis from lack of effective innervation —> reduced peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gross lesion of obstruction

A

Distended, thin-walled, (impacted) bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of obstruction

A

Post-surgical manipulation
Peritonitis
Chronic dissension
Idiopathic
Congenital aganglionosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of gastric impaction

A

Poor quality fibrous roughage
Inadequate water
Inadequate mastication
Vagal nerve damage
Pyloric stenosis / outflow obstruction
Abomasal emptying defect (i.e. toxic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sequelae of chronic gastric impaction

A

Pressure necrosis, ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physical/mechanical obstructions

A

Foreign bodies
Enteroliths
Sand/forage
Parasites
Intussuception
Volvulus/torsion
Stenosis
Incarcerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sequelae of physical obstructions

A

Proximal intestinal dissension (fluid/gas)
Bacterial overgrowth —> toxin
Electrolyte imbalance/hypovolemia
Segmental intestinal ischemia
Perforation / septic peritonitis
Pressure necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common gastric displacements

A

Bovine abomasal displacements (RDA - volvulus, emergency; LDA - common/intermittent)
Canine GDV (gas bloat —> volvulus, emergency)
Equine acute gastric dilation (—> rupture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Intussusception

A

Invagination (telescoping) of a proximal segment of bowel into a distal segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of intestinal volvulus / torsion

A

Jejunum mesenteric root vs segmental volvulus
Large colon or spiral colon volvulus
Cecal torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of intestinal herniations/incarcerations

A

Herniations: inguinal, umbilical, epiploic foramen
Incarcerations: strangulating lipoma, mesenteric rent, abdominal adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Common intestinal displacements

A

Intussusception
Volvulus/torsion
Herniations/incarceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common causes of Intussusception

A

Ascarids, cestodes, Strongyles
Inflammation
Foreign body
Intramural lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sequelae of Intussusception

A

Obstruction / passive congestion —> venous infarct —> opportunistic infection —> peritonitis, shock, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of stomach or small intestine around mesenteric axis
LA>SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Torsion

A

Rotation of a tubular organ along its longitudinal axis
LA>SA

17
Q

Herniations

A

displacement of a portion of intestine through a normal or pathogenic foramen

External - beyond abdominal cavity with hernial sac
Internal - within abdominal cavity

18
Q

Strangulating lipoma

A

Lipoma on mesenteric stalk
Intestinal segment wraps around and strangulates blood supply

19
Q

Causes of obstruction due to stenosis/structure

A

Dysplasia (congenital stenosis)
Circumferential scarring
Post-surgical
Intestinal neoplasm (desmoplasia)
Necrotizing enteritis

20
Q

Gross lesion of stenosis/stricture

A

Narrow intestinal lumen (scarred wall)
Dilated proximal bowel