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Physiology > GI: Digestion and Absorption 1 > Flashcards

GI: Digestion and Absorption 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name all of the peptide hormones that the duodenum secretes into the blood from endocrine cells in its mucosa.

A 
Gastrin
CCK
Secretin
Motilin
Glucose- dependant insulino peptide (GIP)
Glucagon-like peptide- 1 (GLP-1)
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2
Q

What cells secrete gastrin

A

G cells (remember this is also secreted in the stomach)

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3
Q

What cells secrete CCK?

A

I cells

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4
Q

What cells secrete secretin?

A

S cells

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5
Q

What cells secrete motilin?

A

M cells

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6
Q

What cells secrete GIP?

A

K cells

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7
Q

What secretes GLP-1?

A

L cells

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8
Q

What is the name of the digestive juice secreted in the small intestine?

A

Succus entericus

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9
Q

What mechnisms control the secretion of digestive juice in the small intestine?

A 
Distention
Gastrin
CCK
Secretin
Parasympathetic nerve activity enhances
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10
Q

What is contained in secretin?

A

Mucus
Aqueous salt
No digestive enzymes

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11
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Mixing of chyme in the duodenum- moves back and forth

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12
Q

What muscle mediates segmentation?

A

Circular

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13
Q

What initiates segmentation?

A

BER established in duodenum

At threshold this activates segmentation which is cause primarily by distention of the duodenum

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14
Q

How is segmentation in the empty ileium triggered?

A

Gastrin release in stomach- gastroileal reflex

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15
Q

What is the purpose of segmentation?

A

Allows time for absorption

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16
Q

What enhances segmentation

A

parasympathetic stimulation

17
Q

What is peristalsis in the duodenum?

A

Occurs after all of the absorption has taken place BETWEEN meals
Clears out all of the debris from the small intestine

18
Q

What inhibitis peristalis in the duodenum?

A

Vagal activity and feeding
Gastrin
CCK

19
Q

What triggers peristalsis in the duodenum

A

Motilin

20
Q

What two types of secretions are there in the pancreas?

A

Endocrine- insulin and glucagon- into blood

Exocrine- digestive enzymes (aciner cells), aqueous Na HCO3 solution (duct cells) - secreted into the duodenum

21
Q

Where are pancreatic zymogenes stored?

A

Aciner cells

22
Q

Name the protease zymogens

A

trypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen
Procarboxypeptidase

23
Q

Name the enxymes which are already active in the pancreas

A

Pancreatic amylase

Pancreatic lipase

24
Q

Where are pancreatic zymogens activated?

A

Duodenum

25
Q

What activates trypsinogen?

A

Enterokinase and trypsin

26
Q

What activates chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase?

A

Trypsin

27
Q

Name the active form of the pancreatic proteases

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidases

28
Q

What is the purpose of the HCo3 solution secreted from pancreatic duct cells

A

Neutralises chyme to provide optiumum pH in duodenum for enzymes to work to break down food
Protect mucosa

29
Q

What stimulates pancreatic juice secretion from the pancreas in the cephalic and gastric phases.

A

cephalic- vagal stimulation- aciner cells

gastric - distention evokes a vagovagal reflex- acinar and duct cells

30
Q

Describe how acid in the duodenal lumen affects the release of the alkaline solution from the pancreas?

A

Increased acid in duodenum
Increase secretin from S cells
Stimulates pancreatic duct cells
Increase alkaline secretion

31
Q

Describe how fat and protein in the duodenal lumen increase digestive enzyme release from pancreas

A

Fat and protein in duodenal lumen
Increased CCK release from I cells
Stimulation of pancreatic acinar cells
Increase digestive enzyme secretion

32
Q

What stimulates contraction of the gall bladder smooth muscle?

A

Chyme in duodenum ie acid and fat an protein

33
Q

What does fat and protein in the duodenal lumen cause to happen to the gall bladder?

A

Increases CCk release

Gall bladder contracts and spnincter of oddi opens

Physiology (17 decks)

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