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Pharma2023 > Gi > Flashcards

Gi Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of coeliac disease?

A

An adverse reaction to gluten a dietary protein found in cereals or wheat, barley and rye

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?

A

Diary of the more pain and bloating higher risk of malabsorption of key nutrients

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3
Q

What is the treatment of coeliac disease?

A

Strict long life, gluten-free diet, assess risk for osteoporosis and treat bone, disease, vitamin and mineral supplements Valley medical assessment

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4
Q

What is diverticula’s disease?

A

Small bulges or pockets, develop in the lining of the intestine

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5
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

Diverticulitis is when the pocket become inflamed or infected

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6
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

Mucosal inflammation , and ulcers restricted to colon and rectum

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

A

, bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, urgent, need to defecate acute flareups

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8
Q

What are the long-term complications of ulcerative colitis?

A

Colorectal , cancer, secondary osteoporosis, vte, toxic megacolon

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9
Q

Why is loperamide and codeine contra indicated in ulcerative colitis?

A

Avoid antimotility drugs as can increase the risk of toxic megacolon

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10
Q

What is the treatment of ulcerative colitis

A

Aminosalicylate or prednisolone, monoclonal antibodies, rectal, corticosteroid

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11
Q

Maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis

A

Aminosalicates, corticosteroids have too many side-effects 

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12
Q

Are single daily dose, more effective than multiple daily doses for aminosalicylate for ulcerative colitis

A

Single daily dose are more affective than multiple daily doses, but have more side-effects

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13
Q

When would you add in oral azathiopurine or mercaptopurine ne in ulcerative colitis.

A

If there are two or more acute flareups in 12 months that require systemic cortical steroids, or if remission is not maintained by aminosalicylate or acute severe flareup

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14
Q

What is Crohn’s disease?

A

Inflammation of the GI tract from mouth to anus

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of Crohn’s disease?

A

Abdominal pain and diarrhoea, rectal bleeding weight loss, low-grade, fever and fatigue

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16
Q

What are the complications of Crohn’s disease?

A

Interest to intestinal structures, abscess, Vistula, malnutrition anaemia

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17
Q

What is the lifestyle advice for Crohn’s disease?

A

Advice on high-fibre diet, smoking sensation reduces the risk of the lips. Loperamide or codeine, treat diarrhoea, but not in colitis.

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18
Q

Which drugs affect the immune system

A

Azathioprine cyclosporine meracaptopurine methotrexate monoclonal antibodies

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19
Q

And what is the mode of action of aminosalicylic?

A

Reduce cytokinin free radical formation on inhibit, prostaglandin synthesis

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20
Q

Side affects of an aminosalicylates

A

Blood dyscrasias report, unexplained, bleeding, bruising, sore throat and fever nephrotoxicity monitoring of function. Salsalate hypertensity itching and hives. Yellow and orange bodily. contact lenses. Maybe stained

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21
Q

Interactions with lactulose and mesalazine

A

Lactulose lowers PH in the intestine prevents sufficient release in active ingredients in enteric-coated or modified release preparations

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of IBS?

A

Lower abdominal pain, bloating, alternating between constipation and diarrhoea, aggravated by stress, depression and anxiety lack of dietary fibre, commonly affects young adult between 20 to 30 years

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23
Q

What is IBS aggravated by?

A

Stress, depression, anxiety, lack of dietary fibre

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24
Q

What are antispasmodics used for?

A

GI spasms alverine mebervine peppermint oil

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25
Q

Is lactulose recommended in IBS

A

Not recommended causes bloating

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26
Q

What is short, bowel syndrome?

A

Characterised by malabsorption, following expensive is action of the small bowel

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27
Q

What are the consequences of short bowel syndrome?

A

Malabsorption and malnutrition deficiency of vitamin B-12, DENK essential fatty acid think

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28
Q

What is another consequence of short bowl syndrome

A

Higher doses of warfarin oral contraceptives and talk soon or give IV modified release formulations I’m not suitable soluble tablets are more suitable. Liquid formulations may be suitable dependent on the excipients and osmolality

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29
Q

What are the red flag symptoms for constipation?

A

New onset conspire to know for 50 years anaemia abdominal pain unexplained weight loss

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30
Q

Examples of bulk forming laxatives

A

Isphagula husk methylcellulose?

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31
Q

What is the drug action of bulk forming laxative?

A

Swells in the gut to increase faecal mass to stimulate peristalsis works within 24 hours. It takes 2 to 3 days for full effect.

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32
Q

What the counselling points for bulk forming laxatives

A

maintain adequate fluid risk of gut obstruction, drink with plenty of water, and not immediately before bed contains potent. Allergens can cause hypersensitivity reactions.

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33
Q

Examples of osmotic laxative

A

Macrogol lactulose

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34
Q

What is the drug action for osmotic?

A

Increase is water in: by drawing fluid from the colon or retains fluid administrated with works within 2 to 3 days, 48 hours for lactulose

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35
Q

What are the side effects for osmotic?

A

Discomfort, flatulence, cramps, and nausea

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36
Q

Examples of stimulant laxative

A

Bisxadoyl sodium picosulfate senna

37
Q

How long should you stimulant laxative for?

A

For short-term use one week

38
Q

What is the drug action for stimulant laxative?

A

Increases intestinal motility by irritate in the gut lining

39
Q

Side affects of a stimulant laxative

A

Abdominal cramps senna colours urine, yellow brown hypokalaemia diarrhoea

40
Q

Counselling points for stimulant laxative

A

Take at night to pass stool in the morning, moiston suppositories with water before use

41
Q

Which stimulant laxative is genotoxic, and carcinogenic

A

Dantron Carciogenic used in terminally ill patients colours urine red local irritation. Avoid prolonged contact with skin in incontinent patience.

42
Q

Example of faecal softener

A

Liquid paraffin

43
Q

Side effects of faecal softeners

A

Anal seepage, liquid pneumonia, disease of GI tract malabsorption of vitamins, A D, E,NK and Folic acid

44
Q

What is recommended if to laxatives from different classes have been tried the highest tolerated recommend us for at least six months

A

Consider prucalopride ( WOMEN ONLY) or lubiprostone

45
Q

Why is prucalopride only used in women

A

It was only effective in women. In addition to its cardiovascular harms may cause depression and suicidal ideation. 

46
Q

Which laxative , should you avoid in opioid induced constipation?

A

Avoid bulk forming laxatives

47
Q

What is the treatment for chronic constipation?

A

Macrogol

48
Q

What is the first line for constipation in pregnancy?

A

Bulk forming if fibre supplements fail, osmotic, bisacodyl or senna avoid in history of unstable pregnancy, can stimulate uterine contractions docusate a glycerol suppositories can be used

49
Q

What should be used for constipation in
breastfeeding

A

Bulk forming lactulose or Macrogol

50
Q

What are the red flags for diarrhoea?

A

Unexplained weight loss, rectal, bleeding, persistent diarrhoea, recent travel or antibiotics

51
Q

First line treatment for diarrhoea

A

Oral rehydration therapy replaces electrolyte every depletion

52
Q

What is the mode of action off loperamide ?

A

Pro long is the duration of intestinal transit by binding to opioid receptors

53
Q

What is the age restriction for loperamide?

A

Not recommended for children under 12 years

54
Q

What is the door search for loperamide?

A

Initially 4MG, then 2MG for up to 5 days, take a dose after each loose stool, maximum 16 mg a day

55
Q

What is the antidote for loperamide ?

A

Naloxone, patient must be monitored for 48 hours after possible, CNS depression

56
Q

When is loperamide contraindicated?

A

Active ulcerative colitis conditions were there is no gut motility conditions were abdominal. Distension develops acoid in bloody diarrhoea or inflammatory diarrhoea.

57
Q

What is dyspepsia?

A

Group of upper abdominal symptoms, fullness, bloating, belching, and nausea 

58
Q

When do you urgently refer dyspepsia?

A

Anaemia loss of weight anorexia recently changed unexplained dyspepsia and 55 over Melania blood in stool


59
Q

What is the treatment for univestigated dyspepsia?

A

Antacid PPI for four weeks if symptoms persist 4 weeks after then hpylori test if there is no response to PPI

60
Q

What is the treatment for investigated functional dyspepsia?

A

H.pylori test ppi

61
Q

What are the low-sodium preparations?

A

Maalox and mucogel

62
Q

How to antacids

A

Take after each main meal and a bedtime, impaired absorption of jokes with a two hour gap damages into recordings, hide sodium content, avoid in hypertension heart, liver, or kidney failure of fluid retention. Avoid in sodium restricted diet.

63
Q

What is the mode of action of PPO?

A

Inhibit gastric acid secretion by blocking hydrogen ATP of the gastric parietal cell

64
Q

Which PPI safe in pregnancy?

A

Omeprazole

65
Q

Cautionary an advisory labels for PPIs

A

Take this medicine as whole do not take indigestion remedies two hours before can mask the symptoms of gastric cancer increased risk of fractures and risk of osteoporosis. Increased risk of GI infection C.difficlr

66
Q

What is the MHRA advice for PPI?

A

Very low risk of subacute cutaneous, lupus erythematoaus avoid sun, exposure, hypomagnesium, ( predispose to digoxin, toxicity, )
fractures, rebound, acid, secretion, abdominal pain, constipation diarrhoea

67
Q

Interactions with omeprazole

A

Clopidogrel , reduced antiplatelet effect methotrexate decrease clearance of methotrexate

68
Q

What is the mode of action of H2 receptor antagonist?

A

Reduces gastric acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors in the gastric parietal cell it is antisecretory drug

69
Q

What are the
examples of H2 receptor antagonist?

A

Misoprostol synthetic prostaglandin analog, tetragenic in pregnancy, diarrhoea, diarrhoea is common occasionally be severe and require withdrawal
Sucrfate can cause bezoar formation, one hour before meals, one hour between internal feeds

70
Q

Treatment for H.pylori.

A

One week triple therapy, PPI, twice daily and cliffs, Romana, saying on amoxicillin or metronidazole

71
Q

H., pylori diagnosis

A

C urea breath test kits do not test within four weeks of anti bacterial or two weeks with anti secretary drug

72
Q

Antimuscarinic side-effects

A

Tachycardia pupil dilation, reduce bronchial, secretions, angle-closure, glaucoma confusion

73
Q

MHRA, warning, with hyoscine butylbromide

A

Risk of serious adverse effects in patients with underlying cardiac disease, contraindicated in tachycardia patients and have a resuscitation question equipment readily available

74
Q

How long should professions with corticosteroids be useful for haemorrhoids?

A

Maximum seven days

75
Q

When did take pancreatin?

A

Pan create an is an activated by gastric acid take with meals or snacks or immediately before or after food. Enter enter quarters profession deliver hi pancreatin levels do not mix with excessively hot food or drinks is in activated by eight mix with food or liquids. Do not keep for more than one hour.

76
Q

H.ployri treatment for patient on ciclosporin

A

Amoxicillin lanso metro
*** CLAITHROMYCIN INTERACTION BETWEEN CICLOSPORIN **

77
Q

What is bismuth oxide

A

An astringent

78
Q

What can PPI increase the risk

A

Fractures GI infections mask the symptoms of gastric cancer risk of osteoporosis

79
Q

constipation treatment

A

Spc is boss
FOCHOS

short duration of pregnancy, chronic
Faecal opioid children

80
Q

What do you remember for the doses for H. pylori?

A

First and second line 7 days treatment 3rd line 10 days treatment. Doses are given us twice daily.

81
Q

What can occur with misoprostol

A

Diarrhoea

82
Q

H.pylori main symptom

A

Pain improved after food

83
Q

Cimetidine adverse effects

A

Erectile dysfunction gynaecomastia hallucinations

84
Q

What do antacids do

A

Neutralises stomach acid

85
Q

What do alignates do

A

Forms a raft on top of the stomach contents to prevent reflux

86
Q

Breastfeeding and constipation

A

Bulk forming lactulose macrogol
Sean or bisacodyl

87
Q

What can sorbitol cause

A

Pain and diarrhoea

88
Q

Which part of the GI tract is affected by diverticular disease

A

Large intestine

Pharma2023 (15 decks)

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