GI Flashcards
5 linings of the stomach
Mucosa. This is the first and innermost layer or lining. It contains the glands that release digestive juices. These are called hydrochloric acid and pepsin. This is where most stomach cancers start.
Submucosa. This second layer supports the mucosa. It is rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
Muscularis. The third layer is made of thick muscles. They help to mix food with the digestive juices.
Subserosa. This layer contains supporting tissues for the serosa.
Serosa. This is the last and outermost layer. It’s the lining that wraps around the stomach to confine it.
What cells secrete pepsinogen
Gastric chief cells
What cells secrete HCL
Parietal cells
Age related GI 4
Delayed emptying, smooth mm weakness, decrease UES opening, Incompetent LES
The liver decreases in size but
Liver function tests stay the same
eructation
burp
Melena
BLood in stool-dark sticky
Hematochezia
blood on stool or with stool
Rectorrhagia
fresh blood out of anus no stool
Hematemesis
vomiting blood
Dyspepsia
Indigestion with peptic ulcer
Bruit
turbulent flow heard over a vessel
steatorrhea and why 3
Frothy fatty foul smelling poo from bil obstruction, pancreatitis, poor nut
Three things that can cause gerd?
Hiatal hernia smoking obesity
Two complications of Hiatal hernia?
Perforation and aspiration
Manifestations of GERD 5
hyper salvation, respiratory, otolaryngologic-horseness, globus sensation, chocking
Treatment for GERD
PPI (Zoles) H2 receptor blockers (ines), cholinergic, prokinetic (Metoclopramide)
Three things to focus on for GERD treatment
decreasing volume and acidity, improving LES function, and clearance, protecting mucosa
Complications for ppi 2
all normal plus gas
PUD 3 things
Erosion of GI mucosa from HCL and Pepsin. any point in GI tract, chronic
PUD etiologi 5
Acidic environment, H pylori, meds, lifestyle, stress
One thing about h pylori
Produces urease that alters gastric secretions.
What not to give PUD 1
ranitidine
one thing that can cause a peptic ulcer
corticosteroids
manifestations of perforation 5
Rigid board like ab, shallow fast respirations, shock. maybe febrile
Manifestations of peritonitis 8
rebound tenderness, ab distention, rigidity, decrease bowel sounds, fever, increased pulse, bp, increase WBC
Peritonitis complications 5
hypovolemic shock, sepsis, abscess formation. ARDS, paralytic ileus
two drugs for C-diff
Vanco and metronidazole
IBD 3
Periods or remission and exacerbation. maybe auto, no cure
IBD includes 2
Ulcerative colitis and crohns
Difference between Ulcerative and crohns? 1
UC-colon and rectom
Crohns and segment of GI
Crohns 3 things
Old cronies skip, inflam of all layers, long ulcerations that pen mucosa
one thing about UC
BLEEDING
What can develop with crohns?
Fistulas
Common symptoms of crohns 5
diarrhea usually not bloody, cramping. nutritional def, weight loss when sm in is involved, system symptoms.
UC manifestations 8
bloody diarrhea up to 20 times a day, ab pain. anemia, fever, rapid weight loss, tachy. dehydration. tenesmus
