Cardiac Flashcards
CAD risk factors 7
HTN, Smoking, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, diabetes, infection, toxins
What causes angina?
02 demand on heart
What do beta blockers do?
improve contractility
What do calcium channel blockers do?
Arterial Dilator decrease afterload
What do nitrates do?
Help with preload venodialator
What do statins do?
Hyperlip
Diet for CAD
increase veg prots and complex carbs
What is CAD
Coronary artery disease
Normal level for cholesterol
Less than 200mg/dl
Normal Tri
ldl
hdl
Tr 150
ldl 23mg/dl
hdl more than 40mg/dl men 50 for women
Nitriglycerin amount
1-2 sprays or 1 tab
HTN causes increased risk for 3
Stroke, MI, kidney disease
What is primary Hypertension?
HTN without a cause that can be identified
BP ranges 5 and values
normal 120 over 80 Elevated 120-129 AND less than 80 Stage 1 130-139 OR 80-89 Stage 2 140 or higher OR 90 or higher Crisis Higher than 180 and/or higher than 120
two signs of crisis HTN
Headache and nose bleed
First line drugs to use 4 and if that fails
Diuretics thiazide mild-mod, ACE inhib, ARBS (Angi rec blockers) losartan, CCBnifedipine
fail-alphas
when to treat?
130/90
HFrEF is blank during blank caused by blank the tissue is blank
reduced ejection, systolic, impaired contractility (MI) increased afterload (HTN) hypertrophied cant squeeze
HFpEF is blank during blank caused by blank
Preserved, diastole, can’t relax, thickens, no room for blood to come in.
SV?
Stroke volume is amount of blood pumped during systole
4 reasons for RHF
LHF, pulm embolism, Cor Pulmonale, Infarction
What is acute decompensated HF?
Pulmonary edema causes acidosis pink frothy sputum
three sign you didn’t know of Heart fail
Nocturia, mm wasting , LHF- restlessness for left fatigue for right
Paresthesia and what is it a sign of
tingling PAD
Skin with PAD 4
Thin, shinny, tight, hairless
What position do you use with PAD?
reverse transdelenburg
What is vichows triad and what is involved
Risk for VT hyper coagulable state, endothelial injury, venous stasis.
S/S of vein thrombosis 3 you don’t know
Itchy, mild fever, leukocytosis
S/S lower extremities and venous thromboembolism 5
Unilateral edema, dilated superficial veins, paresthsia. fever greater than 100.4
S/s inferior vena cava thrombo 1
legs edematous and cyanotic
S/s Superior vena cava thrombo location
in arms neck back and face
Three VTE measures
mobilization, compression stockings, IPC
