Fluid Flashcards
oliguria and value
Low urine output less than .5ml/kg/h
Anuria and value
No urine output less than 50ml/day
Water weight value
1 lt of water=1 kg=2.2 lbs
How are electrolytes expressed blank per blank. why?
Milliequivalents (mEq) per liter. An equivalent is the amount of substance that will react with water.
Anions and cations of both ECF and ICF
ECF- Cation-Na+
Anion-Cl-
ICE- Cation- K+
Anion- PO4-3
Normal urine value
0.5-1.0ml/kg/hr
how much water does an adult need?
200-300ml
Urine rule of thumb
less than 30ml/hr is a problem
ph that causes death
6.8 and 7.8
Chloride level
97-107 mEq/L
Potassium level
3.5-4.5mEq/L
Calcium level
8.6-10.2 mg/dl
phosphate level
2.4-4.4g/dl
Ca+ high in blood and low
Para releases osteoblasts with calcitonin
low-para releases osteoblasts with PTH
Plasma osmolality range
250-375
What stimulates ADH and where does it act and do two places
low plasma protein the madula-(Na) and collecting ducts (H20)
What releases ADH 4 2 start with h
Nausea, pain, hypoglycemia, hypoxia
Causes fluid deficit 3
Diabetes insipidus, third spacing, shifts from plasma to interstitial area.
Fluid excess causes 4 2 are related
Primary polydipsia, SIADH, cushings, long term use of corticosteroids.
4 s/s for deficit
Drowsy, cold clammy hands, increased respirations, weak dizzy.
4 s/s for excess
headache s3 dyspnea mm spasms.
4s/s for both excess and deficit
Lethargy, confusion, seizers, coma
lab findings for def, and excess
pretty much all goes up. pretty much all goes down
respiratory Acidosis causes 6
drug overdose, pulm edema, chest trama, copd, airway obstrustion
metabolic acidosis 6
diabetic ketoacidosis, salicylate od (salt), spesis, shock, renal fail, diarrhea.
Causes res alk 6
hyperventilation, high alt, pulm emboli, hypoxia, fever, pregnancy
Metabolic alk causes 3
loss of gastric juices, antacids, potassium wasting diuretics.
Difference between Cl and NA
Cl cystic fibrosis causes exclusive loss of chloride
Purpose of isotonic solutions
increase vascular volume
3 isotonic solutions
0.9% lactated ringers and 5% dextrose(Special) D5W
2 hypotonic solutions
5%dextrose D5W(Special) 0.45 NAcl half normal saline
hypertonic solution 1 plus???
3 percent saline, dextrose 5 added to anything or dextrose 10 and up with water
colloids you don’t know 2
dextran, hetastartch
When is albumin CI 2
Heart fail and anemia
3 colloid considerations
it decreases clotting, elevate HOB, Hold Ace for 24 hours before albumin.
Normal saline 4 things you would use it for that you don’t know
2
mild hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, hyper ca+ can cause hyperchloremia.
when to use lactated ringers 3 things that go together and one other .
Burns, trauma, third spacing. Large gi or fistula drainage
Don’t administer lactated ringers to 3
Lactic acidosis, ph greater than 7.5, liver fail
5 percent dextrose 2 things to remember and one thing to use it for
dont use alone and not great for nutrition severe hypernatremia
when to use 1/2 strength when not to
hypernatremia, avoid liver disease burns trauma
