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1st Semester > GHC Ch 1: Natural Disasters and Human Population > Flashcards

GHC Ch 1: Natural Disasters and Human Population Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two deadliest events?

A

tropical storms (hurricanes) and earthquakes

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2
Q

Is a greater magnitude disaster more or less likely to happen than a lesser magnitude disaster?

A

Less likely

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3
Q

At what rate is the population increasing?

A

1.2% per year

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4
Q

carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that can be supported under a given set of environmental conditions.

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5
Q

CE

A

Common era. Same as AD.

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6
Q

cyclone

A

A region of low atmospheric pressure and converging air that rotates counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

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7
Q

demographic transition

A

The change from a human population with high birth rates and high death rates to one with low birth rates and low death rates.

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8
Q

earthquake

A

The shaking of Earth by seismic waves radiating away from a disturbance, most commonly a fault movement.

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9
Q

energy

A

Capacity for performing work

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10
Q

epidemic

A

An outbreak of desease

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11
Q

exponential growth

A

Growth in a compound fashion that, given time, leads to incredible numbers.

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12
Q

fertility

A

The ability to produce offspring; the proportion of births to population.

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13
Q

frequency

A

Number of events in a given time interval. For earthquakes, it is the number of cycles of seismic waves that pass in a second; frequency=1/period

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14
Q

great natural disaster

A

A disaster so overwhelming that outside assistance is needed to handle the rescue and recovery for the region.

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15
Q

hurricane

A

A large, tropical cyclonic storm with wind speeds exceeding 119 and 19 km/h; called a typhoon in the Western Pacific Ocean and a cyclone in the Indian Ocean.

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16
Q

influenza

A

Highly contagious virus caused diseases. The word is commonly shortened to flu.

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17
Q

magnitude

A

An assessment of the size of an event. Magnitude scales exist for earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, and tornadoes. For earthquakes, different magnitudes are calculated for the same earthquake when different types of seismic waves are used.

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18
Q

mitigation

A

Actions taken by humans to minimize the possible effects of a natural hazard.

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19
Q

mortality

A

Death rate; the proportion of deaths to population

20
Q

natural disaster

A

An event or process that destroys life and/or property.

21
Q

natural hazard

A

A source of danger to life, property, and the environment. The probability that a dangerous event will occur.

22
Q

pandemic

A

A disease occurring over a wide area and affecting many people.

23
Q

return period

A

Amount of time between an event of a given size.

24
Q

tornado

A

Spending funnels of wind whose rotating windspeeds can exceed 480 km/h.

25
Q

tsunami

A

Giant, long period sea waves caused by oceanic disturbances, such as fault movements, volcanic eruptions, meteorite impacts, and landslides.

26
Q

typhoon

A

A large, tropical cyclonic storm with wind speeds exceeding 119 km/h; called a hurricane in the Western Hemisphere

27
Q

virus

A

Submicroscopic agents of many infectious diseases. Viruses replicate inside living cells of organisms.

28
Q

volcano

A

An opening of the Earth’s surface where magma has poured or blown forth, typically creating hills or mountains.

29
Q

Where in the world are deaths from natural disasters highest?

A

in a belt through Asia, along the Indian Ocean

30
Q

Where in the world are insurance losses from natural disasters highest?

A

in U.S., Europe and Japan

31
Q

Why has the population suddenly boomed?

A

Scientific medical revolution and public health care, better shelter, food, and water supplies

32
Q

What is the current world population?

A

7 billion

33
Q

What is the population doubling time?

A

58 years

34
Q

How many people were killed by natural disasters in 2011?

A

Nearly 29,000

35
Q

What is the number of fatalities proportional to?

A

population density

36
Q

What are death totals are often related to?

A

economic, educational, and political factors

37
Q

altruism

A

the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.

38
Q

Increase in economic losses over time is result of what?

A

Increase in human population and urbanization

39
Q

Vulnerability equation

A

= risk amplification measures – the risk mitigation measures +/- risk perception factors

40
Q

structural mitigation

A

Design features, overdesign, structural safeguards, and failsafe design meant to minimize the possible effects of a natural hazard.

41
Q

non-structural mitigation

A

Emergency plans, evacuation plans, prediction of impact, and warning processes meant to minimize the possible effects of a natural hazard.

42
Q

What kind of graph would describe the population growth?

A

exponential

43
Q

Doubling time formula?

A

70/

% growth rate/year

44
Q

Formula for growth rate?

A

fertility (birth) rate – mortality (death) rate

45
Q

Human population grows by about how many people per year?

A

80 million

46
Q

Demographic transition theory

A

Mortality and fertility rates decline from high to low levels because of economic and social development

47
Q

What are some examples of carrying capacity?

A

IRELAND- in the 1840s introduction of potatoes in 1500s led to population increase. Potato blight in mid 1840s led to malnourishment. Population fell dramatically as over one million people died and one and a half million people emigrated.

RAPA NUI (Easter Island)- Isolated Pacific island with poor soil and little water
Settled by 25-50 Polynesians in 5th century. Survived easily on chickens and yams, plenty of free time. Reached by a Dutch ship in 1722. Carrying capacity had been drastically lowered by society’s actions: transportation of Moai had required cutting down trees, erosion of soil made yams scarce, and lack of canoes made fishing difficult and escape impossible.

1st Semester (27 decks)

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