Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Geriatric population

A

> 65 present with musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, integumentary, or neuromuscular conditions and dysfunction

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2
Q

Focus of geriatrics

A
  1. patient’s functional goals
  2. Promoting optimal health
  3. Restoring and maintaining the patient’s highest level of function and independence
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3
Q

Key factors of geriatrics

A
  1. Consider the patient as a whole

2. Involve the patient in all decisions when appropriate

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4
Q

Geriatric exam/assessment

A
  1. Patient and caregiver/family interview
  2. Pain assessment
  3. Physical assessments dependent on the patient’s pathology
  4. Psychosocial assessment
  5. Functional assessment
  6. Environmental assessment
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5
Q

Psychosocial assessment

A
  • minimental state examination (orientation, attention, recall, and language)
  • Montreal cognitive assessment (screen for mild cognitive impairment)
  • depression-screening assessment
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6
Q

Functional elements of assessment

A
  1. Testing for patient independence in ADLs or functional status
  2. Testing for mobility, personal care, home chores, and social activities
  3. Physical function (sensory and motor)
  4. Mental funciton (intelligence, cognitive, and memory)
  5. Sensory changes (hearing and vision)
  6. Social function: interaction with family, community, etc. And economic considerations
  7. Emotional function: ability to cope with stress and anxiety. Patient’s satisfaction with life
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7
Q

Reimbursement issues

A
  • medicare: 65+ years or disability

- Medicaid: low income or resources

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8
Q

Interventions

A
  1. Strengthing
  2. ROM/stretching
  3. Manual techniques
  4. Functional retraining
  5. Modalities
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9
Q

Goals

A
  1. Improving funciton within environment
  2. Prevention of disability
  3. Most interventions involve focus on musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary systems
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10
Q

Treatment considerations

A

Age-related skeletal changes - changes in posture - decreases in muscle endurance and early onset of fatigue - increased reaction time - decreased flexibility - medication use

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11
Q

Commmon geriatric disfunction

A

Immobility - fractures - falls - co-morbidities - frailty

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12
Q

Immobility

A
  1. Compilations in major organ systems
  2. Pressure sores and contractures
  3. Loss of bone mass
  4. Muscle atrophy
  5. Negative self image
  6. Depression and/or confusion
  7. Loss of independence
  8. Social isolation
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13
Q

Fractures

A

Associated with age-related changes in skeletal system (low bone density and mass, frailty)
- 30% die 1 year after hip fracture and 75% dont return to previous level of function

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14
Q

Falls

A

Leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries in adults 65+

- preventable and multi-factorial

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15
Q

Interventions for falls

A

Balance - strengthening - reduce underlying impairments (weakness, decreased ROM)
*increased awareness of stability limits

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16
Q

Functional outcome measures

A

5x sit-stand - 6 min walk - 30 sec chair stand - gait speed (timed 10m walk) - Timed Up and Go (TUG) - four square step test