Geography Unit 7

Question 1

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Action Space

Answer 1

The geographical area that contains the space an individual interacts with on a daily basis.

Question 2

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Beaux Arts

Answer 2

This movement within city planning and uban design that stressed the marriage of older; classical forms with newer; industrial ones. Common characteristics of this period include wide thoroughfares; spacious parks; and civic monuments that stressed progress; freedom; and national unity.

Question 3

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Blockbusting

Answer 3

As early as 1900; real estate agents and developers encouraged affluent white property owners to sell their homes and businesses at a loss by stoking fears that their neighborhoods were being overtaken by racial or ethnic minorities.

Question 4

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Central Business District

Answer 4

The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores; offices; and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

Question 5

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Central Place Theory

Answer 5

A theory formulated b Walter Christaller in the early 1900’s that explains the size and distribution of cities in terms of a competitive supply of goods and services to dispersed populations.

Question 6

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

City Beautiful Movement

Answer 6

Movement in environmental design that drew directly from the beaux arts school. Architects from this movement strove to impart order on hectic; industrial centers by creating urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride; which many feared was absent from frenzied new industrial world/

Question 7

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Colonial City

Answer 7

Cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities; completely overtaking their infrastructure.

Question 8

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Concentric Zone Model

Answer 8

Model that describes urban environments as a series of rings of distinct lands using radiating out from a central core; or central business district.

Question 9

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Edge City

Answer 9

Cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities nd serve many of the same functions of urban areas; but in sprawling; decentralized suburban environment.

Question 10

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

European Cities

Answer 10

Cities in Europe that were mostly developed during the Medieval Period and that retain many of the same characteristics such as extreme density of development with narrow buildings and winding streets; an ornate church that prominently marks the city center; and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack.

Question 11

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Exurbanite

Answer 11

Person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas.

Question 12

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Feudal City

Answer 12

Cities that arose during the Middle ages and that actually represent a time of relative stagnation in urban growth. This system fostered a dependent relationship between wealthy landowners and peasants who worked their land; providing very little alternative economic opportunities.

Question 13

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Forward Capital

Answer 13

A capital city placed in a remote or peripheral area for economic; strategic; or symbolic reasons.

Question 14

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Gateway City

Answer 14

Cities that; because of their geographic location; act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas.

Question 15

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Gentrification

Answer 15

The tend of middle and upper income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture but also replacing low income populations; and changing the social character of certain neighborhoods.

Question 16

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Ghettoization

Answer 16

A process occurring in many inner cites in which they become dilapidated centers of poverty; as affluent whites move out to the suburbs and immigrants and people of color vie for scarce jobs and resources.

Question 17

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Great Migration

Answer 17

An early 20th century mass movement of African Americans from the Deep South to the Industrial North; particularly Chicago.

Question 18

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Hinterland

Answer 18

The market area surrounding an urban center; which that urban center serves.

Question 19

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Inner City Decay

Answer 19

Those parts of large urban areas that lose significant portions of their populations as a result of change in industry or migration to suburbs. Because of these changes; the inner city loses its tax base and becomes a center of poverty.

Question 20

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Islamic Cities

Answer 20

Cities in Muslim countries that owe their structure to their religious beliefs. Islamic cities contain mosques at their center and walls guarding their perimeter. Open air markets; courtyards surrounded by high walls; and ead end streets; which limit foot traffic in residential neighborhoods; also characterize Islamic cities.

Question 21

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Latin American Cities

Answer 21

Cities in Latin American cities that owe much of their structure to colonialism; the rapid rise of industrialization; and continual rapid increases in population. Similar to other colonial cities; they also demonstrate distinctive sectors of industrial or residential development radiating out from the central business district; where most industrial and financial activity occurs.

Question 22

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Medieval Cities

Answer 22

Cities that developed in Europe during the Medieval Period and that contain such unique features as extreme density of development with narrow building and winding streets; an ornate church that prominently marks the city center; and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack.

Question 23

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Megacities

Answer 23

Cities; mostly characteristic of the developing world; where high population growth and migration have caused them to explode in population since World War 2.

Question 24

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Megalopolis

Answer 24

Several; metropolitan areas that were originally separate but that have joined together to form a large; sprawling urban complex.

Question 25

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Metropolitan Area

Answer 25

Within the United States; an urban area consisting of one or more whole country units; usually containing several urbanized areas; or suburbs; that all act together as a coherent economic whole.

Question 26

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Modern Architecture

Answer 26

Point of view; wherein cities and buildings are though to act like well oiled machines; with little energy spent on frivolous details or ornate designs. Efficient; geometrical structures made of concrete and glass dominated urban forms for half a century while this view prevailed.

Question 27

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Multiple Nuclei Model

Answer 27

Type of urban form wherein countries have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one central place.

Question 28

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

New Urbanism

Answer 28

A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly; community orientated cities. New urbanism is a reaction to the sprawling; automobile centered cities of the mid twentieth century.

Question 29

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Node

Answer 29

Geographical centers of activity. A large city; such as Los Angeles; have multiple nodes/

Question 30

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Postmodern Architecture

Answer 30

A reaction in architectural design to the feeling of sterile alienation that many people get from modern architecture. Postmodernism uses older; historical styles and a sense of lightheartedness and eclecticism. Buildings combine pleasant looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and to create spaces that are more people friendly than their modernist predecessors.

Question 31

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Sector Model

Answer 31

A model or urban land use that places the central business district in the middle with wedge shaped sectors radiating outwards from the center along transportation corridors.

Question 32

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Segregation

Answer 32

The process that results from suburbanization when affluent individuals leave the city center for homogeneous suburban neighborhoods. This process isolates those individuals who cannot afford to consider relocating to suburban neighborhoods and must remain in certain pockets of the central city.

Question 33

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Squatter Settlements

Answer 33

Residential developments; characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.

Question 34

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Suburb

Answer 34

Residential communities; located outside of city centers; that are usually relatively homogeneous in terms of population.

Question 35

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Urban Growth Boundary

Answer 35

Geographical boundaries placed around a city to limit suburban growth within that city.

Question 36

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Urban Morphology

Answer 36

The physical form of a city or urban region.

Question 37

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Urban Revitalization

Answer 37

The process occurring in some urban areas experiencing inner city decay that usually involves te construction of new shopping districts; entertainment venues; and cultural attractions to entice young urban professionals back into the cities where nightlife and culture are more accessible.

Question 38

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

Urban Sprawl

Answer 38

The process of expansive suburban development over large areas spreading out from a city; in which the automobile provides the primary source of transportation.

Question 39

Geography Unit 7 Vocabulary

White Flight

Answer 39

The abandonment of cities affluent or middle class white residents. White flight was particularly problematic during the mid 20th century because it resulted in the loss of tax revenues to cities; which led to inner city decay. This process reversed itself somewhat during the 1990s and 2000s with urban revitalization.