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Geography > Geography Unit 4 > Flashcards

Geography Unit 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Balkanization

A

The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller sections or countries.

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1
Q

Antecedent Boundaries

A

A boundary line established before an area is populated

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2
Q

Buffer state

A

A relatively small country sandwiched between two larger powers. The existence of buffer states may help prevent dangerous conflicts between powerful countries.

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3
Q

Centrifugal forces

A

Forces that tend to divided country

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4
Q

Centripetal forces

A

Forces that tend to unite or bind the country together.

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5
Q

Colonialism

A

The expansion and perpetuation of an empire.

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6
Q

Commonwealth of Independent states

A

Confederacy of Independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of the common economic and administrative needs.

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7
Q

Compact state

A

A state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.

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8
Q

Confederation

A

Form of an international organization that bring several autonomous states together for a common purpose.

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9
Q

Democratization

A

Process of establishing representative and accountable forms of government led by popularly elected officials.

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10
Q

Devolution

A

The delegation of legal authority from a central government to lower levels of political organization, such as the state or country.

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11
Q

Domino theory

A

The idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, starting a chain reaction of collapse.

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12
Q

East/West divide

A

Geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia.

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13
Q

Electoral college

A

A certain number of electors from any state proportional to and seemingly representative of that states population. Select church uses a candidate leaving there representing their constituency’s choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within the state receives all the electoral votes for that state.

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14
Q

Electoral vote

A

The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views of the elector’s state.

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15
Q

Elongated state

A

A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.

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16
Q

Enclaves

A

Small and relatively homogenous group or region run by another larger and different group or region.

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17
Q

European Union

A

International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members.

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18
Q

Exclave

A

A bounded territory that is a part of a particular state but if separated from it by the territory of a different state.

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19
Q

Federalism

A

A system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within the central government.

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20
Q

Fragmented state

A

A state that is not contiguous hole but rather separated parts.

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21
Q

Frontier

A

An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land.

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22
Q

Geometric boundary

A

Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines.

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23
Q

Geopolitics

A

The study of the interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur.

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24
Gerrymandering
The designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular political party or candidate.
25
Heartland theory
Hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.
26
Imperialism
The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign.
27
International organization
An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination.
28
Landlocked state
A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes.
29
Law of the sea
Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth seas and oceans and their resources.
30
Lebensraum
Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire living space for the German people
31
Micro state
A state or territory that is small in both population and area.
32
Nation
Tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language ethnicity religion and other cultural attributes.
33
Nationalism
A sense of national pride to such an extent of exalting one nation about all others.
34
Nation-state
A country who is population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.
35
North American Free Trade Agreement
Agreement signed on January 1, 1994 that allows the opening a borders between United States, Mexico, and Canada.
36
North Atlantic Treaty organization
An international organization that has joined together for military purposes
37
North/south divide
Economy division between the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Japan, and Australia and to generally poor countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
38
Organic theory
The view that states resemble biological organisms with lifecycle stages include stages of youth. maturity, and old age.
39
Organization of petroleum exporting countries
And international economic organization whose member countries all produce an export oil.
40
Perforated state
A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state
41
Physical boundary
Political boundaries that correspond with prominent physical features such as mountain ranges or rivers.
42
Political geography
The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes.
43
Popular vote
The tally of each individual's vote within a given geographic area
44
Prorupted state
A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the mean territory.
45
Reapportionment
The process of reallocating of electoral seats to defined territories.
46
Rectangular state
State whose territory is rectangular in shape
47
Redistricting
Drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes.
48
Relic boundaries
Old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but that have left enduring marks on the local cultural and environmental geography.
49
Rimland theory
Nicholas Spykman's that the denomination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the basis for world conquest.
50
Self-determination
The right of the nation to govern itself autonomously.
51
Sovereignty
Supreme or independent political power.
52
State
A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community.
53
Stateless nation
A group of people with a common political identity who do not have a territorially defined sovereign country of their own.
54
States rights
Rights and powers believed to be in the authority of the state rather than the federal government.
55
Subsequent boundaries
Boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers the social and cultural characteristics of the area.
56
Superimposed boundaries
Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern.
57
Supranational organization
Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives.
58
Territorial dispute
Any dispute over land ownership.
59
Territorial organization
Political organization that distributes political power in more easily government units of land.
60
Theocracy
A state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of the group of religious leaders.
61
Unitary state
A state government constitutionally of the unit, without internal divisions or federalist delegation of powers.
62
United Nations
A global supranational organization established at the end of World War II to foster international security and cooperation.

Geography (14 decks)

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