Geography Unit 6

Question 1

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Agribusiness

Answer 1

The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. It includes activities ranging from seed production; to retailing; to consumption of agricultural products.

Question 2

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Agriculture

Answer 2

The art and science of producing food from the land and tending livestock for the purpose of human consumption.

Question 3

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Animal Husbandry

Answer 3

An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals; such as cattle; horses; sheep; and goats.

Question 4

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Biotechnology

Answer 4

A form of technology that uses living organisms; usually genes; to modify products; to make or modify plants and animals; or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.

Question 5

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Capital Intensive Agriculture

Answer 5

Form of agriculture that uses mechanical goods; such as machinery; tools; vehicles; and facilities to produce large amounts of agricultural goods- a process requiring very little human labor.

Question 6

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Commercial Agricultural Economy

Answer 6

All agricultural activity generated for the purpose of selling; not necessarily for local consumption.

Question 7

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Commodity Chains

Answer 7

A linked system of processes that gather resources; convert them into goods; package them fr distribution; disperse them; and sell them on the market.

Question 8

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Dairying

Answer 8

An agricultural activity involving the raising of livestock; most commonly cows and goats; for dairy products such as milk; cheese; and butter.

Question 9

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Desertification

Answer 9

The process by which formerly fertile lands become increasingly arid; unproductive; and desert-like.

Question 10

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Domestication

Answer 10

The conscious manipulation of plant and animal species by humans in order to sustain themselves.

Question 11

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Extensive Agriculture

Answer 11

An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area.

Question 12

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Feedlots

Answer 12

Places where livestock are concentrated in a very small area and raised on hormones and hearty grains that prepare them for slaughter at a much more rapid rate than grazing; often referred to as factory farms.

Question 13

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Fertile Crescent

Answer 13

Area located in the crescent shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq; Syria; Lebanon; and Turkey); which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity.

Question 14

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Food Security

Answer 14

People’s ability to access sufficient; safe; nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.

Question 15

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Genetically Modified Foods

Answer 15

Foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes; such as disease resistance; increased productivity; or nutritional value allowing growers greater control; predictability; and efficiency.

Question 16

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Green Revolution

Answer 16

The development of higher yield and fast growing crops through increased technology; pesticides; and fertilizers transferred from the developed to developing world to alleviate the problem of food supply in those regions of the globe.

Question 17

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Horizontal Integration

Answer 17

A form of corporate organization in which several; branches of a company or several commonly owned companies work together to sell their products in different markets.

Question 18

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Hunting and Gathering

Answer 18

The killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits; roots; nuts; and other plans for sustenance.

Question 19

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Industrial Revolution

Answer 19

The rapid economic changes that occurred in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world.

Question 20

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Intensive Cultivation

Answer 20

Any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield.

Question 21

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Labor- Intensive Agriculture

Answer 21

Type of agriculture that requires large levels of manual labor to be successful.

Question 22

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Livestock Ranching

Answer 22

An extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic ares typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West.

Question 23

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Mechanization

Answer 23

In agriculture; the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.

Question 24

Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary

Mediterranean Agriculture

Answer 24

An agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean style climates of Western Europe; California; and portions of Chile and Australia; in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes; avocados; olives; and a host of nuts; fruits; and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations.

Question 25

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Organic Agriculture

Answer 25

The use of crop rotation; natural fertilizers such as manure; and biological pest control; as opposed to artificial fertilizers;pesticides; hormones; antibiotics; additives; and genetically modified organisms; to promote healthy vigorous crops.

Question 26

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Pastoralism

Answer 26

A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food; clothing; and shelter.

Question 27

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Pesticides

Answer 27

Chemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants; but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.

Question 28

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Planned Agricultural Economy

Answer 28

An agricultural economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and distribution.

Question 29

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Plantation

Answer 29

A large; frequently foreign owned piece of agricultural land devoted to the production of a single export crop.

Question 30

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Salinization

Answer 30

Process that occurs when soils in arid areas are brought under cultivation through irrigation. In arid climates; water evaporates quickly off the ground surface; leaving salt residues that render the soil infertile.

Question 31

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Shifting Cultivation

Answer 31

The use of tropical forest clearings for crop prodction until their fertility is lost. Plots are then abandoned; and farmers move on to new sites.

Question 32

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Slash and Burn Cultivation

Answer 32

System of cultivation that usually exists in tropical areas where vegetation is cut close to the ground and then ignited. The fire introduces nutrients into the soil; thereby making it productive for a relatively short period of time.

Question 33

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Specialty Crops

Answer 33

Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples; which are produced; usually in developing countries; for export.

Question 34

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Subsistence Agricultural Economy

Answer 34

Any farm economy in which most crops are grown for nearly exclusive family or local consumption.

Question 35

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Sustainability

Answer 35

A set of policies or practices by which societies can ensure that the people of the future have the same access to resources and thus the same economic and environmental opportunities as people living today.

Question 36

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Swidden

Answer 36

Land that is prepared for agriculture by using the slash and burn method.

Question 37

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Topsoil Loss

Answer 37

Loss of the top fertile layer of soil is lost through erosion. It is a tremendous problem in areas with fragile soils; steep slopes; or torrential seasonal rains.

Question 38

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Transhumance

Answer 38

The movements of livestock according to seasonal patterns; generally lowland areas in the winter; and highland areas in the summer.

Question 39

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Urban Sprawl

Answer 39

The process of urban areas expanding outwards; usually in the form of suburbs; and developing over fertile agricultural land.

Question 40

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Vertical Integration

Answer 40

A form of corporate organization in which one firm controls multiple aspects or phases of a commodity chain.

Question 41

# Geography Unit 6 Vocabulary Von Thunen Model

Answer 41

An agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activity in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be close to the market. Conversely; activities that are more extensive ; with goods that are easy to transport; are located farther from the market where rent is less.