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Geography > Geography Unit 5 > Flashcards

Geography Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

agglomeration

A

grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources

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2
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

ancillary activities

A

economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service

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3
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

anthropocentric

A

human-centered; in sustainable development; this word refers to ideas that focus solely on the needs of people without considering the creatures with whom we share the planet or the ecosystem upon which we depend

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4
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

backwash effect

A

the negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region

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5
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

break-bulk point

A

a location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets

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6
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

brick-and-mortar business

A

traditional businesses with actual stores in which trade or retail occurs; it does not exist solely on the Internet

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7
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

bulk gaining industries

A

industries whose final products weigh more after assembly than they did previously in their constituent parts

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8
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

bulk reducing industries

A

industries whose final products weigh less than their constituent parts; and whose processing facilities tend to be located close to sources of raw material

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9
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

conglomerate corporation

A

a firm that is compromised of many smaller firms that serve several different functions

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10
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

core

A

national or global regions where economic power; in terms of wealth; innovation; and advanced technology; is concentrated

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11
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

core-periphery model

A

a model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region

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12
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

cottage industry

A

an industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes; as opposed to factories

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13
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

deglomeration

A

the dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration

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14
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

deindustrialization

A

loss of activity in a region

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15
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

development

A

the process of economic growth; expansion; or realization of regional resource potential

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16
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

e-commerce

A

web-based economic activities

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17
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

economic backwaters

A

regions that fail to gain from national economic development

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18
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

ecotourism

A

a form of tourism; based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders; that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way

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19
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

export-processing zone

A

areas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries

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20
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

fast world

A

areas of the world; usually the economic core; that experience greater levels of connection due to high-speed telecommunications and transportation technologies

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21
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

footloose firms

A

manufacturing activities in which cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining the location of the firm

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22
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

fordism

A

system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford

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23
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

foreign investment

A

overseas business investments made by private companies

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24
Q

Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary

gender equity

A

a measure of the opportunities given to a woman compared to men within a given country

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25
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary globalization
the idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected on a global scale such that smaller scales of political and economic life are becoming obsolete
26
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary gross domestic product (GDP)
the total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period; usually one year
27
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary gross national product (GNP)
the total value of goods and services; including income received from abroad; produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period; usually one year
28
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary human development index (HDI)
measure used by the UN that calculates development not in terms of money or productivity but in terms of human welfare
29
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary industrial revolution
the rapid economic and social changes in manufacturing that resulted after the introduction of the factory system to the textile industry in England at the end of the 18th century
30
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary industrialization
process of industrial development in which countries evolve economically; from producing basic; primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods
31
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary industrialized countries
those countries including; Britain; France; US; Russia; German; and Japan; that were all at the forefront of industrial production and innovation through the middle of the 20th century
32
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary least-cost theory
a concept developed by Alfred Weber to describe the optimal location of a manufacturing establishment in relation to the costs of transport and labor; and the relative advantages of agglomeration or deglomeration
33
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary least-developed countries
those countries including countries in Africa; except for South Africa; and parts of South America and Asia; that usually have low levels of economic productivity; low per capita incomes; and generally low standards of living
34
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary manufacturing region
a region which manufacturing activities have clustered together
35
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary maquiladoras
those US firms that have factories just outside the US/Mexican border in areas that have been specially designated by the Mexican government
36
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary net national product
a measure of all the goods and services produced by a country in a year; including production from its investments abroad; minus the loss or degradation of natural resource capital as a result of productivity
37
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary nonrenewable resources
natural resources; such as fossil fuels; that do not replenish themselves in a time frame that is relevant that is relevant for human consumption
38
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary offshore financial center
areas that have specially designed to promote business transactions; and thus have become centers for banking and finance
39
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary outsourcing
sending industrial processes out for external production
40
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary periphery
countries that usually have low levels of economic productivity; low per capita incomes; and generally low standards of living
41
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary primary economic activities
economic activities in which natural resources are made available for use or further processing; including mining; agriculture; forestry; and fishing
42
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary productivity
a measure of the goods and services produce within a particular country
43
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary purchasing power perity (PPP)
a monetary measurement of development that takes into account what money buys in different countries
44
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary quaternary economic activities
economic activities concerned with research; information gathering; and administration
45
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary quinary economic activities
the most advanced form of quaternary activities consisting of high-level decision making for large corporations or high-level scientific research
46
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary regionalization
the process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from others within the same country
47
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary renewable resources
any natural resource that can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time; usually no longer than the length of human life
48
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary rostow's stages of development
a model of economic development that describes a country's progression which occurs in five stages transforming them form least-developed to most-developed
49
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary rust belt
the manufacturing region in the US that is currently debilitated because many manufacturing firms have relocated to countries offering cheaper labor and relaxed environment regulations
50
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary secondary economic activities
economic activities concerned with the processing of raw materials such as manufacturing; construction; and power generation
51
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary semi-periphery
those newly industrialized countries with median standards of living; such as Chile; Brazil; India; China; and Indonesia
52
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary service-based economies
highly developed economies that focus on research and development; marketing; tourism; sales; and telecommunications
53
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary slow world
the developing world that does not experience the benefits of high-speed telecommunications and transportation technology
54
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary spatially fixed costs
an input cost in manufacturing that remains constant wherever production is located
55
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary spatially variable costs
an input cost in manufacturing that changes significantly from place to place in its total amount and in its relative share of total costs
56
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary specialty goods
goods that are not mass-produced but rather assembled individually or in small quantities
57
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary sustainable development
the idea that people living today should be able to meet their needs without prohibiting the ability of future generations to do the same
58
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary tertiary economic activities
activities that provide the market exchange of goods and that bring together consumers and providers of services such as retail; transportation; government; personal; and professional services
59
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary transnational corporation
a firm that conducts business in at least two separate countries; also known as multinational corporation
60
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary world cities
a group of cities that form an interconnected; internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce
61
# Unit 5 Geography Vocabulary world-systems theory
theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein that explains the emergence of a core; periphery; and semi periphery in terms of economic and political connections first established at the beginning of exploration in the late 15th century and maintained through increased economic access up until the present

Geography (14 decks)

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