Geography Unit 2

Question 1

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

age-sex distributions

Answer 1

a model used in population geography that describes the ages and numbers of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid

Question 2

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

arithmetic density

Answer 2

the number of people living in a given unit area

Question 3

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

baby boom

Answer 3

a cohort of individuals born in the US between 1946 and 1964; which was just after WW2 in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities; encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility

Question 4

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

baby bust

Answer 4

period of time during the 1960s and 1970s when fertility rates in the US dropped as large number of women from the baby boom generation sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs; causing them to marry later in life. As such; the fertility rate dropped a lot.

Question 5

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

carrying capacity

Answer 5

the largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can sustainably support

Question 6

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

census tract

Answer 6

small county subdivisions; usually containing between 2500 and 8000 persons; delineated by the US census Bureau as areas of relatively uniform population characteristics; economic status; and living conditions

Question 7

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

chain migration

Answer 7

the migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends or family members to an existing community

Question 8

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

child mortality rate

Answer 8

number of deaths per thousand children within the first 5 years of life

Question 9

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

cohort

Answer 9

a population group unified by a specific common characteristic; such as age; and subsequently treated as a statistical unit

Question 10

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

cotton belt

Answer 10

the term by which the American south used to be known; as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region. The same area is now known as the New South or Su Belt because people have migrated here from older cities in the industrial north for a better climate and new job opps.

Question 11

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

crude birth rate

Answer 11

the number of live births per year per 1000 people

Question 12

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

crude death rate

Answer 12

the number of deaths per year per 10000 people

Question 13

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

demographic accounting equation

Answer 13

an equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a country during a particular time period taking into account both natural increase and net migration

Question 14

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

demographic transition method

Answer 14

a sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time

Question 15

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

demography

Answer 15

the study of human populations; including their temporal and spatial dynamics

Question 16

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

dependency ratio

Answer 16

the ratio of the number of people who are either too old or too young to provide for themselves to the number of people who must support them through their own labor. This is usually expressed in to form n:100; where n= the number of dependents

Question 17

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

doubling time

Answer 17

time period required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size completely

Question 18

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

emigration

Answer 18

the process of moving out of a particular country; usually the individual person’s country of origin

Question 19

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

exponential growth

Answer 19

growth that occurs when a fixed percentage of new people is added to the population each year. Exponential growth is compound because the fixed growth rate applied to an ever- increasing population

Question 20

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

forced migration

Answer 20

migration event in which individuals are forced to leave a country against their will

Question 21

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

generation x

Answer 21

a term coined by author/ artist Douglas Coupland to describe people born in the US between 1965 and 1980. This post baby boom generation will have to support the baby boom cohort as they head into their retirement years

Question 22

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

geodemography is also known as…

Answer 22

population geography

Question 23

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

immigration

Answer 23

the process of individuals moving into a new country witht he intentions of staying there

Question 24

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

infant mortality rate

Answer 24

the percentage of kids who die before their first bday within a particular area

Question 25

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary internal migration

Answer 25

the permanent/ semi permanent movement of individuals within a particular country

Question 26

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary intervening obstacles

Answer 26

any forces or factors that may limit human migration

Question 27

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary life expectancy

Answer 27

the average age individuals are expected to live; which varies across space; between genders; and between races

Question 28

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary Thomas Malthus

Answer 28

author of essay on the Principle of Population (1798) who claimed that population growth at an exponential rate while food production increased arithmetically; and thereby that; eventually; population growth would outpace food production

Question 29

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary maternal mortality rate

Answer 29

number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth

Question 30

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary migration

Answer 30

a long-term move of a person from one political jurisdiction to another

Question 31

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary natural increase rate

Answer 31

the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a particular country

Question 32

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary neo- malthusian

Answer 32

advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations

Question 33

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary overpopulation

Answer 33

a value judgement based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support that ares's current population

Question 34

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary physiologic density

Answer 34

a ratio of human population to the area of cropland; used in less developed countries dominated by subsistence agriculture

Question 35

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary population density

Answer 35

a measurement of the number of persons per unit land area

Question 36

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary population geography

Answer 36

a division of human geography concerned with spatial variation in distribution; composition; growth; and movements of population

Question 37

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary population pyramid

Answer 37

a model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population

Question 38

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary pull factors

Answer 38

attractions that drew migrants to a certain place; such as a pleasant climate and employment or educational opportunities

Question 39

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary push factors

Answer 39

incentives for potential migrants to leave a place; such as a harsh climate; economic recession; or political turmoil

Question 40

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary refugees

Answer 40

people who leave their home because they are forced our but not because they are being officially relocated or enslaved

Question 41

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary rust belt

Answer 41

the northern industrial states of the US; including Ohio; Michigan; and Pennsylvania; in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s; 70s; and 80s; these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the Us and to countries where labor was cheaper; leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate

Question 42

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary sun belt

Answer 42

US region; mostly compromised of southeastern and southwestern states; which has grown most dramatically since WW2

Question 43

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary total fertility rate

Answer 43

the average number of children born to a women during her childbearing years

Question 44

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary voluntary migration

Answer 44

movement of an individual who consciously and voluntarily decided to locate to a new area- the opposite of forced migration

Question 45

# Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary zero population growth

Answer 45

proposal to end population growth through a variety of official and nongovernmental family planning programs