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Geography > Geography Unit 2 > Flashcards

Geography Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

age-sex distributions

A

a model used in population geography that describes the ages and numbers of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid

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2
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

arithmetic density

A

the number of people living in a given unit area

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3
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

baby boom

A

a cohort of individuals born in the US between 1946 and 1964; which was just after WW2 in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities; encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility

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4
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

baby bust

A

period of time during the 1960s and 1970s when fertility rates in the US dropped as large number of women from the baby boom generation sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs; causing them to marry later in life. As such; the fertility rate dropped a lot.

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5
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

carrying capacity

A

the largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can sustainably support

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6
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

census tract

A

small county subdivisions; usually containing between 2500 and 8000 persons; delineated by the US census Bureau as areas of relatively uniform population characteristics; economic status; and living conditions

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7
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

chain migration

A

the migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends or family members to an existing community

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8
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

child mortality rate

A

number of deaths per thousand children within the first 5 years of life

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9
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

cohort

A

a population group unified by a specific common characteristic; such as age; and subsequently treated as a statistical unit

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10
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

cotton belt

A

the term by which the American south used to be known; as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region. The same area is now known as the New South or Su Belt because people have migrated here from older cities in the industrial north for a better climate and new job opps.

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11
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

crude birth rate

A

the number of live births per year per 1000 people

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12
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

crude death rate

A

the number of deaths per year per 10000 people

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13
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

demographic accounting equation

A

an equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a country during a particular time period taking into account both natural increase and net migration

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14
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

demographic transition method

A

a sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time

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15
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

demography

A

the study of human populations; including their temporal and spatial dynamics

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16
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

dependency ratio

A

the ratio of the number of people who are either too old or too young to provide for themselves to the number of people who must support them through their own labor. This is usually expressed in to form n:100; where n= the number of dependents

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17
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

doubling time

A

time period required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size completely

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18
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

emigration

A

the process of moving out of a particular country; usually the individual person’s country of origin

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19
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

exponential growth

A

growth that occurs when a fixed percentage of new people is added to the population each year. Exponential growth is compound because the fixed growth rate applied to an ever- increasing population

20
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

forced migration

A

migration event in which individuals are forced to leave a country against their will

21
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

generation x

A

a term coined by author/ artist Douglas Coupland to describe people born in the US between 1965 and 1980. This post baby boom generation will have to support the baby boom cohort as they head into their retirement years

22
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

geodemography is also known as…

A

population geography

23
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

immigration

A

the process of individuals moving into a new country witht he intentions of staying there

24
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

infant mortality rate

A

the percentage of kids who die before their first bday within a particular area

25
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

internal migration

A

the permanent/ semi permanent movement of individuals within a particular country

26
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

intervening obstacles

A

any forces or factors that may limit human migration

27
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

life expectancy

A

the average age individuals are expected to live; which varies across space; between genders; and between races

28
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

Thomas Malthus

A

author of essay on the Principle of Population (1798) who claimed that population growth at an exponential rate while food production increased arithmetically; and thereby that; eventually; population growth would outpace food production

29
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

maternal mortality rate

A

number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth

30
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

migration

A

a long-term move of a person from one political jurisdiction to another

31
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

natural increase rate

A

the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a particular country

32
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

neo- malthusian

A

advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations

33
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

overpopulation

A

a value judgement based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support that ares’s current population

34
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

physiologic density

A

a ratio of human population to the area of cropland; used in less developed countries dominated by subsistence agriculture

35
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

population density

A

a measurement of the number of persons per unit land area

36
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

population geography

A

a division of human geography concerned with spatial variation in distribution; composition; growth; and movements of population

37
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

population pyramid

A

a model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population

38
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

pull factors

A

attractions that drew migrants to a certain place; such as a pleasant climate and employment or educational opportunities

39
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

push factors

A

incentives for potential migrants to leave a place; such as a harsh climate; economic recession; or political turmoil

40
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

refugees

A

people who leave their home because they are forced our but not because they are being officially relocated or enslaved

41
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

rust belt

A

the northern industrial states of the US; including Ohio; Michigan; and Pennsylvania; in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s; 70s; and 80s; these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the Us and to countries where labor was cheaper; leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate

42
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

sun belt

A

US region; mostly compromised of southeastern and southwestern states; which has grown most dramatically since WW2

43
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

total fertility rate

A

the average number of children born to a women during her childbearing years

44
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

voluntary migration

A

movement of an individual who consciously and voluntarily decided to locate to a new area- the opposite of forced migration

45
Q

Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

zero population growth

A

proposal to end population growth through a variety of official and nongovernmental family planning programs

Geography (14 decks)

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