Geography Term 1 Flashcards
Conservative plate margin
A plate margin where two plates are moving alongside each other.
Constructive plate margin
A plate margin where two plates are moving away from each other.
Continental crust
The thinker, less dense crust that makes up the continents.
Convection current
The movement of a fluid caused by a difference in temperature or density.
Destructive plate margin.
A plate margin where two plates are moving towards each other.
Hotspot
An area where unusually hot magma breaks through the middle of a plate and travels up the surface, creating a volcano.
Immediate responses
Action taken as soon as the hazard happens an in its immediate aftermath (hours, days and potentially a week or so after the event).
Long-term responses
Actions taken after the immediate responses when the effects of a hazard have been minimised (weeks, moths and years after the event).
Magma
Molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surfce
Mantle
The area underneatht he crust which contains magma.
Oceanic crust
The thinner, denser crust that makes up the ocean floor.
Plate margin
The point at which two plates meet.
Subduction
A process that occurs at a destructive plate margin when a plate is pushed below another plate, forcing it to sink into the mantle.
Tectonic plates
Large slabs of the Earth’s crust that sit and move on top of the liquid mantle.
Tsunami
A large wave caused by a large amount of water being displace when plates move.
Features of a developing country
- Lots of electrics
- Schools
- Lost of job opportunities
- Lower population
- More cars
- Better transport
- Better diet
- More hospitals
- Good housing
- Good sanitation
Features of an under developed country
- Carb and veg based diet
- Agriculture based diet
- Backwards industrial sector
- Less electricals
- Few schools
-Few job opportunities - Poor sanitation
- Bad housing
- Less hospitals
- Bad transport
- Less cars
- More people
What is development in geography?
Development is a process of change whereby people’s lives get better.
HIC
High
Income
Country
LIC
Low
Income
Country
NEE
Newly
Emerging
Economy
Life expectancy at birth
The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the country.
Infant mortality
The number of infants that don’t live to their first birthday.
Education expenditure
% of GDP spend on education.
Birth rate
Number of live babies born per 1000 people, per year.
GNI per capita
The total income received by the country from its residents and businesses regardless of weather they are located in the country or abroad divided by the total population.
Fertility rate
Average number of children that would be born per women if all the women lived to the end of their child bearing age.
Labour force by occupation
Percentage of people employed in each sector.
Median age
This the average age of the population if you add all the ages of all the people in the country together then divide it by the number of people.
Indicator of development
They give an indication about how well developed a country is but each only by itself does not show anything.
What do each of the legs on the stool of development show?
Economic
Social
Environmental
What are the three indicator for the Human Development index?
- Adult literacy
- Life expectancy
- GDP per capita
How does the Human development index work?
Each country is given a score between 1 and 0 and the closer to 1 the score is the move developed the country is.
How should life expectancy look in a HIC and why?
High.
Better healthcare and homes as well as vaccinations, clean water and a good diet.
How should birth rate look in a HIC?
Low.
Better family planning, children cannot work and must go to school which is expensive, children are expensive and women have careers.
How should Infant mortality be in a HIC?
Low
There is better healthcare and sanitation, there is also vaccinations and a well cared for aging population .
How should the fertility rate be in a HIC?
Low
Better maternal care.
How could the GNI per capita be in a HIC?
High
Better education and therefore higher paid careers.
How should the median age be in a HIC?
High
People live longer as there is better medical care and a well cared for aging population.
Scatter graph
Graphs that show a correlation between 2 or more sets of data.
Correlation
A link
What is the development gap?
The difference in standard of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries.
What are the causes of the development gap?
- Landlocked
- Extreme weather
- Climate related diseases and pests
- Supply of clean water
- Manufacturing
- Struggles with gaining independence
- Exporting primary products
How does being landlocked caused the development gap?
- Sea trade
- important to economic growth