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Year 9 > Geography - Energy > Flashcards

Geography - Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of energy?

A
  • Renewable
  • Non-renewable
  • Recyclable
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2
Q

Recyclable

A

A residue from a process that, instead of being wasted, can be utilized as a fuel.

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3
Q

Examples of recyclable energy

A

Biomass energy

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4
Q

Renewable

A

Comes from sources that are naturally replenished

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5
Q

Types of renewable energy

A

Energy from
- Sunlight
- Wind
- Rain
- Tides
- Waves
- Geothermal heat

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6
Q

Non-renewable

A

Comes from sources that are diminishing or are used quicker than they are replenished.

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7
Q

Examples of non-renewable energy

A

Energy from
- Coal
- Oil
- Natural gas
- Nuclear energy

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8
Q

What is a good energy source using ‘GREAT’?

A
  • Global - National and local benefits/problem?
  • Reversible - Are these benefits/problems long or short term?
  • Environmental - Economic and social benefits/problems
  • Amount - The number of people it affects
  • Trigger - Any other impacts?
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9
Q

How do you write an assess answer?

A
  • How to write an assess answer - Use the example of different energy sources
    • Introduction
      ○ Define renewable and non-renewable
      Energy sources can be renewable or non-renewable. Non-renewable energy is…. Renewable energy is…
    • Paragraph 1
      ○ Assess one energy source. What is good
      about it and what is bad. Assess by referring to GREAT.
      ○ A benefit of wind energy is……. This is good because … (refer to GREAT….
      A negative of wind energy is…… This is bad because….(refer to GREAT)….
    • Paragraph 2
      ○ Assess one energy source. What is good aobut it and what is bad. Assess by referring to GREAT.
      § A benefit of coal is… This is good because… (refer to GREAT…)
      A negative or coal is… This is bad because… (refer to GREAT…)
    • Conclusion
      ○ Which energy source is the best?
      ○ Is one better for the environment and another good for the economy.
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10
Q

Types of energy

A
  • Geothermal
  • Hydroelectric
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Biomass
  • Coal
  • Gas
  • Oil
  • Nuclear
  • Tidal
  • Wave
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11
Q

What is Geothermal Energy?

A

○ Deep underground the Earth’s rocks are naturally very hot.
○ We can turn their heat and electrical energy to use in our homes

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12
Q

How Geothermal Energy works?

A

i. Cold water is pumped below the ground
ii. Hot rocks heat the water, turning it into steam
iii. The steam is used to generate electricity

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13
Q

Positives of Geothermal energy?

A

This is a renewable energy resource
It does not create greenhouse gases because nothing is burned

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14
Q

Negatives of geothermal energy?

A

There are very few places in the world where you can do this, so only some regions can use this energy type.
It is expensive to drill deep into the ground.

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15
Q

What is Hydroelectric energy?

A

○ The water flowing in a river has kinetic energy.
○ We can turn this into electrical energy to use in our homes.

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16
Q

How does hydroelectric energy work?

A

We usually need to build a dam and let the water flow though it gradually.
This turns a turbine which moves to create electricity.

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17
Q

Positives of hydroelectric energy

A

It is renewable
Countries can build their own dams and therefore do not need to import energy from other countries.
The electricity created is cheaper than other sources of energy so that local communities can afford it.

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18
Q

Negatives of hydroelectric energy

A

To build a dam, you need a lot of space. This leads to people having to move out of the area. Most of the time, these people are poor and live in rural communities.
Huge areas of land are flooded to create dams, damaging ecosystems such as tropical rainforests.

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19
Q

What is solar energy?

A

The Earth gets heat and light energy from the sun all the time.

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20
Q

How does solar energy work?

A
  • The Sun’s energy can be either by:
    ○ Changed into electrical energy to use in homes
    § Using solar cells
    ○ Or used to heat water for homes
    using solar panels.
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21
Q

Positives of solar energy

A

Renewable
No pollution
Because nothing gets burned.

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22
Q

Negatives of solar energy

A

Solar cells and solar panels are expensive
Only works if it is sunny
Can be an eyesore

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23
Q

What is wind energy?

A

Uses wind turbines
Turns kinetic energy into electrical energy

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24
Q

How does wind energy work?

A

The wind turns the wind turbine
The movement is converted into electricity

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25
Q

Positives of wind energy

A

○ Renewable
○ Wind turbines can be built on land and sea which means that they are good for lots of different countries
○ Turbines are quite cheap and easy to build, so they can be used even in poor countries

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26
Q

Negatives of wind energy

A

○ Turbines can be ugly and noisy which might upset local communities.
○ Not reliable
- Only works if it is windy

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27
Q

What is biomass energy?

A
  • The chemical potential energy stored in things that were once alive can be turned into heat energy by burning them, as well as electrical energy for homes
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28
Q

How biomass energy works?

A

○ Trees absorb the sun’s energy. The trees change this energy into chemical energy, which they store inside themselves
○ When we burn wood, we turn this energy into heat, which is useful for cooking and heating.

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29
Q

Positives of biomass energy

A

○ Renewable
- As long as we keep planting trees to replace the ones we cut down.
○ Doesn’t need any special equipment, so it can be used very easily, even in poor countries.
○ Doesn’t add to the greenhouse effect

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30
Q

Negatives of biomass energy

A

Large areas of land are needed to grow enough trees.

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31
Q

What is coal energy?

A
32
Q

How does coal energy work?

A

○ Extracted through mining
○ Broken down into fine powder
○ The powder is then mixed with hot air in a furnace
○ As the coal burns it heat water in a boiler above
○ This produces steam
○ Powers a turbine engine
○ The engine produces electric energy

33
Q

Positives of coal energy

A

○ Coal is cheap and easy to transport across the world.
○ Some of the waste materials generated by burning coal can be recycled and used in cement.

34
Q

Negatives of coal energy

A

○ It will run out in the next 100 years
○ Coal mines are very dangerous places to work
○ Burning coal releases lots of greenhouse gases which is bad for the environment

35
Q

What is oil energy?

A
36
Q

How does oil energy work?

A

○ Oil is extracted by the Earth through large suction pumps which sucks it up from deep underneath the Earth’s surface
- This is often carried out on oil rigs
○ The oil is burned
○ As it burns it heats water in a boiler above it
○ This produces steam
○ Powers a turbine
Produces electrical energy

37
Q

Positives of oil energy

A

○ Oil is cheap and easy to transport
○ It is still quite abundant.
- There is still quite a lot of it

38
Q

Negatives of oil energy

A

○ Oil spills are frequent and have huge impacts on the surrounding environment, particularly when they happen at sea.
○ As oil begins to run out it is becoming much more expensive.

39
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A
  • Creates energy by splitting atoms.
  • Coverts heat into electricity using steam.
40
Q

How does nuclear energy work?

A

○ The heat from the atoms boils water
○ Creates steam
○ Turns on turbine
○ Generates electricity

41
Q

Positives of nuclear energy

A

○ Gives off no greenhouse gases
○ High energy potential
- Only a small bit of uranium is needed to made a LOT of energy
○ It isn’t renewable, but it is recyclable

42
Q

Negatives of nuclear energy

A

○ The waste created is highly radioactive.
- It must be disposed of safely and carefully
- Needs to be stored for long periods of time
□ To be safe for disposal
○ Uranium supplies will run out
○ Nuclear power plants are at risk from terrorist attacks as, if blown up the radioactive waste would kill anything in the surrounding area.

43
Q

What is tidal energy?

A
  • When the tide is high the sea has lots of gravitational potential energy
  • This is energy that is transferred from gravitational potential energy to electric energy
44
Q

How tidal energy works?

A

○ At high tides
- We trap water behind a dam
○ At low tides
- The water is released and its energy is used to generate electricity.

45
Q

Positives of tidal energy

A

○ Renewable
○ No pollution
- Nothing gets burned
○ Reliable
- There are always two tides every day
○ Cheap to run, once it’s built

46
Q

Negatives of tidal energy

A

○ Needs lots of machines to get a reasonable amount of energy
○ The machines
- Cost a lot of money
- Can look ugly
○ Can be easily damaged by storms

47
Q

What is wave energy?

A
  • Sea waves have kinetic energy
48
Q

How does wave energy work?

A
  • Using the machines that bob up and down in the waves, this energy can be turned into electrical energy
49
Q

Positives of wave energy

A

○ Renewable
○ No pollution
- Nothing is burned

50
Q

Negatives of wave energy

A

○ Needs lots of machines to get a reasonable amount of energy
○ The machines
- Coat a lot of money
- Can look ugly
- Can be easily damaged by storms

51
Q

3 main types of Fossil fuels

A
  • Natural gas
  • Oil
  • Coal
52
Q

How are fossil fuels formed?

A

Formed during the carboniferous period.
Dead animals and organisms fell to the bottom of the ocean and decayed

53
Q

Which organisms form coal?

A
  • Ferns
  • Plants
  • Trees
54
Q

Which organisms form oil?

A
  • Zooplankton
  • Tiny organisms
55
Q

Which organisms form natural gases?

A

Zooplankton and tiny organisms with more pressure.

56
Q

What type of energy are fossil fuels?

A

Non-renewable

57
Q

How much CO2 is released by fossil fuels>?

A

It is the largest emitter of CO2.

58
Q

How long does it take for fossil fuels to form?

A

250 million years

59
Q

What happened during the carboniferous period?

A

When these organisms died they sank to the bottom of swamps and ocean and decomposed under layers of sand and clay.

60
Q

How is coal formed?

A

Formed when dead organisms and plants harden under pressure and heat.

61
Q

How is oil formed?

A

Formed when small organisms such as zooplankton decompose.

62
Q

How are natural gases formed?

A

Formed when small organisms such as zooplankton decompose and it is exposed to more heat causing further decomposition.

63
Q

How are fossil fuels formed?

A

Different fossil fuels form depending on the combination of organic matter involving heat, time and pressure.

64
Q

What are some arguments for wind farms?

A
  • Wind farms are a good example of a renewable energy source.
  • Wind energy is cheap to produce—it costs roughly 3 to 4p to create every unit of electricity—similar to coal prices.
  • Wind farms could add £2.3 billion to the economy by 2050.
  • Building wind farms can create up to 2000 jobs a year.
  • Wind farms will decrease reliance on unstable energy supplies from abroad.
65
Q

What are some arguments against wind farms?

A
  • The turning blades of the turbines rotate and can kill birds.
  • Wind farms cost a lot of money to build and they take a long time to make back the money that is spent from the energy they create.
  • Wind farms are ugly and they destroy the beautiful landscape.
  • Turbines cannot be used if the winds are too low or too high, so they can be unreliable.
  • Wind turbines which create electricity mean that large pylons would need to be built across the landscape to transport electricity.
  • House prices may fall if people don’t want to live close to a wind farm. This would make houses in the area hard to sell.
66
Q

How is nuclear energy formed?

A

Nuclear fission

67
Q

When was the Chernobyl disaster?

A

26th April 1986

68
Q

What happened during the Chernobyl Disaster?

A

One of the four nuclear reactors exploded.

69
Q

What caused the Chernobyl Disaster?

A

Overheating of reactors where water coolant turned to steam.

70
Q

How much radiation was released during the Chernobyl Disaster?

A

100 times more radiation than atom bombs.

71
Q

What happened to the people after the Chernobyl Disaster?

A

350,000 people relocated elsewhere, 5.5 million still remain.

72
Q

What happened to the soil during the Chernobyl Disaster?

A

It was contaminated.

73
Q

What happened to people’s health during the Chernobyl Disaster?

A

9,000-93,000 extra cancer deaths.

74
Q

What are the negatives of nuclear energy?

A
  • It can lead to nuclear weapons due to the technology in the reactors.
  • It leads to nuclear waste which is harmful for thousands of years.
  • It can lead to significant accidents and disasters which kills thousands.
75
Q

What

A
  • It can save lives as it ranks last in deaths per unit.
  • The nuclear waste can be buried deep in to the ground.
  • It reduced C02 emissions (which is a greenhouse gas).
  • It can be relatively clean.
  • New technology is reducing waste and risks.

Year 9 (27 decks)

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