Geography Development Gap Jan 2018

Question 1

What does GNI stand for?

Answer 1

Gross National Income

Question 2

What does per capita mean?

Answer 2

Per person

Question 3

What does HDI stand for?

Answer 3

Human Development Index

Question 4

What are the three things measured for the HDI of a country?

Answer 4

Life expectancy, Literacy rate and GNI per capita

Question 5

What does DTM stand for?

Answer 5

Demographic Transition Model

Question 6

What are characteristics of places in stage 1 of the DTM? Examples?

Answer 6

• High birth rate
• High death rate
• Population low and stable

Example = Traditional rain forest tribes

Question 7

What are characteristics of places in stage 2 of the DTM? Examples?

Answer 7

• High birth rate
• Medium high death rate and lowering
• Population low and growing

Example = Afghanistan

Question 8

What are characteristics of places in stage 3 of the DTM? Examples?

Answer 8

• Birth rate drops rapidly from high to low
• medium low death rate and lowering
• Medium population and growing

Examples = Nigeria, Kenya, India, Brazil

Question 9

What are characteristics of places in stage 4 of the DTM? Examples?

Answer 9

• Low birth rate
• Low death rate
• Birth rate fluctuates depending on economic situation
• High population and slowly growing

Examples = USA, France, UK

Question 10

What are characteristics of places in stage 5 of the DTM? Examples?

Answer 10

• Very low birth rate (falls below death rate)
• Low death rate but slowly increasing (due to ageing population)
• High population but starts to decrease

Examples = Italy, Germany, Japan

Question 11

What are the causes of uneven development?

Answer 11

• Landlocked country (No access to the sea so no seaborne trade)
• Climate related diseases
• Extreme weather e.g. cyclones droughts & floods
• Lack of adequate supplies

Question 12

What does TNC stand for? What is a TNC?

Answer 12

Trans National Company. A company that works in multiple foreign countries.

Question 13

What is a HIC?

Answer 13

A High Income Country (e.g. UK & USA)

Question 14

What is a LIC?

Answer 14

A Low Income Country (e.g. Chad)

Question 15

What is an NEE?

Answer 15

A Newly Emerging Economy (e.g Nigeria)

Question 16

What strategies can reduce the development gap?

Answer 16

Investment, Industrial development, Aid, Intermediate technology, Fair trade, Debt relief and Micro finance loans.

Question 17

What is development in countries?

Answer 17

Development in a country is when people’s quality of life and standard of living increase.

Question 18

What does development in countries vary?

Answer 18

The development of a country varies due to environmental factors (natural hazards), economic factors (trade and debt), social factors (access to safe water and education) and political factors (stable governments and wars).

Question 19

What are the measures of development?

Answer 19

Birth rate - Is reliable. Decreases due to higher education rates.

Death rate - Somewhat reliable. Countries with higher populations are more likely to have higher death rates even if they are more developed.

Infant mortality rate - Useful measure of healthcare system.

of docs per 1000 - Shows money spent on healthcare.

Literacy rate - Shows how good the education system is

% access to clean water - If high, it shows that a country has modern infrastructure such as water treatment plants.

Question 20

What are the limits of economic and social measures of development?

Answer 20

• Data could be out of date
• Data could be hard to collect
• Data may be unreliable (Government corruption)
• Only focuses on certain aspects of development

Question 21

What are the physical causes of uneven development?

Answer 21

• Landlocked countries are cut off from seaborne trade.
• Tropical Africa, South America and Asia have more climate related diseases than cooler parts of the world.
• Extreme weather conditions such as cyclones, droughts and floods can slow development.
• A lack of adequate supplies of safe water is a barrier to economic development.

Question 22

What are the economic causes of uneven development?

Answer 22

Trade is primarily between richer countries. When poorer countries trade, it is in primary products which are then manufactured in richer countries to make them richer. This causes the poorer countries to be unable to develop.

Question 23

What is a trade surplus? Trade deficit?

Answer 23

Surplus - When a country or group exports more than they import.

Deficit - When a country or group imports more than they export.