Biology Cell Biology Sept 2017

Question 0

What does MRS GREN stand for?

Answer 0

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition.

Question 1

What two types of cells is there?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Question 2

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

A Eukaryotic cell is a cell that has a ‘real’ nucleus.

Question 3

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

A Prokaryotic cell is a cell that doesn’t have a ‘real’ nucleus.

Question 4

What type of Eukaryotic cell has all the organelles?

Answer 4

A plant cell.

Question 5

What organelles do all Eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 5

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus and mitochondria.

Question 6

What organelles do Prokaryotic cells have?

Answer 6

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall and ribosomes

Question 7

What are the three types of microscopes?

Answer 7

Light microscope, SEM (scanning electron microscope) and TEM (transmission electron microscope)

Question 8

Name one Advantage of the light microscope

Answer 8

Any from:

Easy to use, cheap (€1k), ‘true colour’ but sometimes require staining and you can use live specimens

Question 9

Name one disadvantage of the SEM

Answer 9

Any from:

Expensive, extensive training required, samples must be dead, and black and white (false colour)

Question 10

Name one advantage and one disadvantage of the TEM

Answer 10

Any advantage from: higher resolution the the light, provides detailed images and it has a high magnification

Any disadvantage from: Expensive, extensive training required, samples must be dead, and black and white (false colour)

Question 11

What are the two types of mammal stem cells?

Answer 11

Embryonic and adult

Question 12

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 12

Image size/actual size

Question 13

Where do you find plant stem cells?

Answer 13

In the meristem

Question 14

What is the difference between Embryonic mammal stem cells and Adult mammal stem cells?

Answer 14

The Embryonic cells scan grow into any specialised cell but an adult cell can only develop into the type of cell they’re found in. (Blood adult stem cells can only develop into red or white blood cells)

Question 15

Name one reason for stem cell research and one reason against

Answer 15

Any for from: can treat conditions that were previously unable to be cured, can treat paralysed patients by making new nerve cells, cells will not be rejected, often collected from left over umbilical cords, can replace injured or defective organs.

Any against from: can lead to viral infections, by taking a stem cell and killing the embryo it is murder, via Latino of human rights, not always successful.

Question 16

Name one specialised animal cell

Answer 16

Any from: nerve cell, sperm cell and muscle cell

Question 17

Name a type of specialised plant cell

Answer 17

Any from: leaf cell and root hair cell

Question 18

Name one way how a sperm cell has adapted to fertilise an egg cell

Answer 18

Longer tails, more mitochondria, streamlined head and more chemicals in head

Question 19

Why do root hair cells have finger like walls?

Answer 19

So that they have a larger surface area and can collect more water

Question 21

What are the three steps of the cell cycle?

Answer 21

Inter-phase, Mitosis and cell division

Question 22

What are the steps in mitosis?

Answer 22

1. Chromosomes make copies of themselves and the nucleus disappears
2. Copied chromosomes line up
3. Original and copied chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell
4. The cell divides into two daughter cells
5. New nuclei form in the new cells

Question 23

What is produced after mitosis?

Answer 23

Two identical daughter cells

Question 24

What is the inter-phase of a cell?

Answer 24

The active life during which the cell prepares for mitosis

Question 25

What is diffusion?

Answer 25

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 26

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 26

A measurement of how a concentration of a substance changes from one place to another.

Question 27

What does net mean?

Answer 27

Overall

Question 28

What are alveoli?

Answer 28

Tiny air sacs found in the lungs through which gases exchange between blood and air by the process of diffusion

Question 29

What are capillaries?

Answer 29

Tiny blood vessels found between arteries and veins that carry blood into tissues and organs

Question 30

What is osmosis?

Answer 30

Osmosis is the net diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Question 31

What does partially permeable mean?

Answer 31

Allowing only substances of a certain size through

Question 32

What is active transport?

Answer 32

The net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy.

Question 33

What three factors will speed up diffusion?

Answer 33

1. A higher concentration gradient
2. A higher temperature
3. A smaller distance