Biology Ecology May 2018

Question 1

What is the definition of population?

Answer 1

The total number of all the organisms of the same species or the same group of species that live in a particular geographical

Question 2

What is the definition of community?

Answer 2

A group of two or more populations of different species that live at the same time in the same geographical area

Question 3

What is the definition of competition?

Answer 3

The contest between organisms for resources such as food and shelter

Question 4

What is the definition of an alpha male?

Answer 4

The dominant male in a group of organisms

Question 5

What is the definition of interdependence?

Answer 5

All the organisms in a community depend on each other and because of this changes to them or their environment can cause unforeseen damage

Question 6

What is sampling?

Answer 6

The process of recording a smaller amount of information to make a wider conclusion

Question 7

What is a quadrat?

Answer 7

A square frame used in biological sampling

Question 8

What 2 types of sampling is used when using quadrats?

Answer 8

Random and Systematic

Question 9

How does random sampling work with quadrats?

Answer 9

With a measured grid, randomly choose two numbers. The first number is how far up and the second how far along. When you are in line with both numbers place the quadrat. (Remember Switzerland)

Question 10

What is the definition of species?

Answer 10

The smallest group of classifying organisms, all of which are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 11

What are abiotic factors?

Answer 11

The non-living parts of the environment.

Question 12

What are biotic factors?

Answer 12

The living parts of the environments.

Question 13

What is an invasive species?

Answer 13

An organism that is not native and causes negative effects.

Question 14

What ware the three types of adaptation?

Answer 14

Structural - An advantage to an organism as a result of the way it is formed, like the streamlining seen in fish.

Behavioural - An advantage to an organism as a result of behaviour, such as a courtship display.

Physiological - An advantage to an organism as a result of a process, such as the production of poisonous venom.

Question 15

What is an extreme environment?

Answer 15

A location in which it is challenging for most organisms to live.

Question 16

What is an extremophile?

Answer 16

An organism that lives in an extreme environment.

Question 17

What are concordant results?

Answer 17

Results that are similar.

Question 18

What is a transect?

Answer 18

A line along which occurs systematic sampling.

Question 19

What are producers and consumers?

Answer 19

Producer - Any organism that photosynthesises (e.g. a plant or algae).

Consumer - Any organism in a feeding relationship that eats other organisms for food.

Question 20

What is biomass?

Answer 20

Tissue from living or recently dead organisms. (No water).

Question 21

What are inorganic compounds?

Answer 21

Compounds that do not contain carbon.

Question 22

What is an omnivore?

Answer 22

An organism that eats both plants and meat.

Question 23

What are the equations for photosynthesis, respiration and combustion?

Answer 23

P - Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose and oxygen
R - Glucose and oxygen –> carbon dioxide and water
C - Methane and oxygen –> carbon dioxide and water

Question 24

What is precipitation?

Answer 24

Rain, snow, hail and sleet.

Question 25

What are runoff, infiltration and subsurface flow?

Answer 25

Runoff - The movement of water across the surface of land.

Infiltration - The movement of water into the group to become groundwater.

Subsurface flow - The movement of underground water towards the seas and oceans.

Question 26

What is global warming and the greenhouse effect?

Answer 26

Global warming - The effects of an increase in temperature as a result of the greenhouse effect.

Greenhouse effect - Increased carbon dioxide and other gases trap more of the Sun’s solar radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to global warming.

Question 27

What is a bioindicator?

Answer 27

An organism whose presence or absence tells you about the cleanliness of an ecosystem.

Question 28

What is migration?

Answer 28

The annual movement of animals (often birds) over large distances for food, breading sites or warmer temperatures.

Question 29

What is biodiversity?

Answer 29

A measure of the different species present in a community.

Question 30

What is deforestation?

Answer 30

Cutting down trees (often on a large scale).

Question 31

What are pesticides?

Answer 31

Chemicals used to kill pests.

Question 32

What are zooplankton?

Answer 32

Small or microscopic animals that float in salt water and fresh water and form a part of many aquatic food chains.

Question 33

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 33

The increase in concentration of toxins at higher trophic levels in a food chain.

Question 34

What is smog and acid rain?

Answer 34

Smog - Fog or haze as a result of smoke or other polluting factors.

Acid rain - Precipitation that is acidic as a result of air pollution.

Question 35

What is combustion and incomplete combustion?

Answer 35

Combustion - Burning of fuel with sufficient oxygen, which produces carbon dioxide and water.

Incomplete Combustion - Burning of fuel without sufficient oxygen, which produces poisonous carbon monoxide.

Question 36

What does sustainable mean?

Answer 36

Describes an activity that can continue without damaging the environment.

Question 37

What does sink mean?

Answer 37

A long-term store of a substance, often carbon.

Question 38

What does deciduous mean?

Answer 38

Describes broadleaved trees that drop their leaves in the winter.