Chemistry Bonding, structure and properties of matter Nov 2017 Flashcards
When are separating funnels used?
When two immiscible liquids are together
What is evaporation used for?
Used to separate a dissolved liquid
What is filtration used for?
Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
What is distillation used for?
Used to separate a solvent from a solution
What is chromatography used for?
To separate mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent
What is a lattice structure?
A regular structure containing a massive number of particles that continues in all directions throughout the structure
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What are the properties of ionic substances?
They have high melting points, they do not conduct electricity as a solid but do as a solution and liquid, they are hard and brittle
What are the positive ions that you need to know?
Al 3+ H+ Cu 2+ Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Ag+ NH(4)+
What are the negative ions that you need to know?
H- OH- NO(3)- SO(4) 2- CO(3) 2- HCO(3)-
What method can you use when combining ions?
Cr 3- + O 2- –> Cr(2) O(3)
Swap the two ionic numbers around and put them in subscript
Read work book for more help
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a particle made from atoms joined together by covalent bonds
What is a covalent bond?
Two shared electrons joining atoms together
What Ion do you need for each group?
Group 1: X 1+ Group 2: X 2+ Group 6: X 2- Group 7: X 1- Transition metals: Roman numerals (e.g. Fe II = Fe 2+)
What is an intermolecular force?
An intermolecular force is weak forces between molecules
What is the difference between a molecular formula and an empirical formula?
The molecular formula is the actual number of atoms (e.g. H(2)O(2)) where as the empirical formula is the simplest ratio (e.g. HO)
What are the four giant covalent substances?
Diamond, Graphite, Silicon and silica
How strong are the covalent bonds in giant graphite substances?
Very strong
Giant covalent substances are huge networks of ……?
Atoms
What is a polymer?
Polymers are very long chains of mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms joined by covalent bonds
What is a monatomic substance?
An substance with only one atom
What is a thermosoftening polymer?
A polymer with no bonds between atoms that softens and melts when heated
