Biology Inheritance, Variety and Evolution March 2019

Question 1

What is asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Asexual - Reproduction involving one parent, giving genetically identical offspring.
Sexual - Reproduction involving two parents, giving genetically different offspring.

Question 2

What is binary fission?

Answer 2

The asexual reproduction of bacteria.

Question 3

What is selective breeding/Artificial selection?

Answer 3

A process by which humans have chosen organisms to breed together to develop desirable characteristics, famously in dogs.

Question 4

What is meiosis?

Answer 4

Cell replication that produces 4 non-identical haploid cells from one diploid cell.

Question 5

What is self-pollination and cross-pollination?

Answer 5

Self - When pollen from one plant fertilises ova from the same plant.
Cross - When pollen from one plant fertilises ova from another plant.

Question 6

What is the process of meiosis?

Answer 6

1. Chromosomes make copies of themselves and nucleus disappears.
2. Chromosomes line up and swap pieces of information (DNA crossover).
3. Cell divides.
4. Chromosomes line up.
5. original and copied chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell. Cell divides.
6. Four new nuclei form in the new haploid cells.

Question 7

What is menstruating?

Answer 7

Having a period, as a part of the menstrual cycle.

Question 8

What is a genome?

Answer 8

One copy of all the DNA found in your diploid body cells.

Question 9

What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 9

• Number of daughter/haploid cells made.
• Type of cell at the end.
• Number of divisions.
• Identical or non-identical cells produced.
• What the process of cell division is used for.
• Where it occurs.

Question 10

What is the important information about meiosis?

Answer 10

# of cells at beginning = One
Type of cell at beginning = Diploid body cell (23 pairs)
# cells at end = Four
Type of cell at end = Haploid gamete (23 individual)
Number of divisions = Two
Identical or non-identical cells made = Non-identical
Used for = Producing gametes
Where it occurs = In sex organs (ovaries and testes)

Question 11

What is DNA fingerprinting?

Answer 11

The analysis of differences in DNA to identify individuals.

Question 12

What is evolution?

Answer 12

The change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through a process of natural selection.

Question 13

What is a common ancestor?

Answer 13

An organism from which others have evolved from.

Question 14

What are hydrothermal vents?

Answer 14

Volcanic vents at the bottom of seas and oceans, where unique species of life have evolved based upon bacteria feeding on chemicals and not photosynthesis.

Question 15

What is speciation?

Answer 15

The process of forming new species of life.

Question 16

What is creationism?

Answer 16

A belief that God created all the organisms on Earth.

Question 17

What is MRSA?

Answer 17

MRSA or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that has evolved to be resistant to antibiotics.

Question 18

What is a species?

Answer 18

A group of organisms that can interbreed giving fertile offspring.

Question 19

What is mass extinction?

Answer 19

A large number of extinction all occurring at the same time.

Question 20

How are organisms in kingdoms ordered?

Answer 20

They are ordered by:

• Kingdoms
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Use the mnemonic King Phillip Came Over For Grilled Sandwiches to remember this.

Question 21

How should the genus and species be written?

Answer 21

The genus should be capitalised and the species not.

E.g. Panthera leo.

Question 22

What are kingdoms/genus/species?

Answer 22

Kingdom - The largest group of classifying organisms e.g. the animal or plant kingdom.

Genus - The second smallest group of classifying organisms.

Species - The smallest group of classifying organisms all of which are able to interbreed.

Question 23

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 23

Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Prokaryotes