Gentrification - Notting Hill Flashcards
What is gentrification?
buying, renovating, and improving housing by affluent professionals/families rather than organisations. - displacing low-income groups, businesses and changing neighborhood composition
What is the median age of Notting Hill?
36 (UK 39)
What percentage of people in Notting Hill are educated to degree level?
45% (UK, 19%)
What is the total number of migrants in Notting Hill?
13% (UK, 12%)
In Notting Hill, what is the average price for a three bedroom house?
£1.1 million (UK £250,000)
In Notting Hill, what % of people are in socially rented housing?
38% (UK, 18%)
How have the house prices grown in Notting Hill over the past five years?
They’ve grown by 30% (UK 4%)
What was Notting Hill like in the 1950s?
rough working class, known for slum landlords and deprivation
What was Notting Hill like in 1958?
tension between original ‘Teddy Boys’ and new dwellers (carnival riots)
What happened in WWI to Notting Hill?
Caribbean migrants moved in because cheap and poverty high
What did the influx of Caribbean migrants lead to?
Notting Hill became a cheap, poverty infested area
What happened in Notting Hill in 60s/70s?
young professionals moved in
What is urban resurgence?
movement of people back into urban areas following economic and structural regeneration of an area that suffered decline
What were the positive impacts of gentrification of Notting Hill?
*less crime
*elegant Victorian houses with big gardens
*green spaces
*cool, bohemian
*high end boutiques (Native & Co)
*High quality restaurants (The Ledbury)
What is the cheapest house on Portland Road?
£350, 000 (£100,000 more than national average)
What was the average house price in 2020?
£1.9 million
In just over 40 years, how much have house prices risen?
From £11,000 to £2 million
What has decreased due to employment
Crime levels
What happed that sparked anger amongst locals?
The local pub shut
What’s the issue with the level of regeneration in the area?
Cost has forced out locals, so poverty is simply moved elsewhere
What’s been lost?
Sense of community
What was the area like before gentrification?
Unfashionable, neglected and potentially uninhabited (broken windows, unmaintained gardens)
What’s the area like after gentrification?
Manicured gardens, busy markets, Caucasian people
When were race riots?
1958
What were race riots due to
Tensions between the newly arrived Afro- Caribbean community and the ‘teddy boys’ of the fascist British union
When did the second riot take place?
During the Notting Hill carnival of 1976
What helped to popularise the area?
The film Notting Hill, but gentrification was underway way before this.
What happens there every year?
The largest street festival outside of Rio De Janeiro, attended by 1million people
demographic characteristics - past
- Industrialisation brought in workers from - the countryside
in 1900, 2/3 of residents were considered poor, this had also pushed out the middle class of the South, to be replaced by skilled workers - Wealthy in the south, poor in the north
- Large numbers of West Indies migrants after WW2 - over 8 people in 2 rooms
- High-earning private sector professionals and managers in the 80s and 90s
used to be flats lived in by multiple families, now 1 house with 1 family
demographic characteristics - present
wealthy people due to high rent prices
As of 2011:
45% White British
34% Other White
5% Mixed
4% Other Asian
2.7% Chinese
2.4% White Irish
2% Indian
1.7% Arab
0.7% Black
- Top earners in the country live at southern end, some of the bottoms 5% live in the north
socio-economic characteristics - past
- tollgate in the 18th century
- grown into a village by 1840
- industrialisation brought in workers, who landlords would put in small, terraced houses, slum people only afford 1 room
- After Ww2 houses divided into rental units for poor tenants
rent control 1957- drive out the working class Gentrification in the 60s and 70s - Mature gentrification in the 80s and 90s - estate agents buying the improved properties
socio-economic characteristics - present
- The property prices reflect that of the Victorian area, with most expensive prices (av.£3.5m) being houses previously inhabited by middle Class
- Northward gentrification - new names for previously working-class areas
- Contains both cheaper ethnic restaurants and upscale ones (e.g.,Leith’s)
- Super-gentrification: exclusive shopping and exponential growth in house prices
cultural characteristics - past
- notorious race riots of the 50s
- riot after the Notting Hill Carnival’76 inspired the Clash’s song “white riot”
- before WW2 not diverse, white population
cultural characteristics - present
- movie Notting Hill shows one of London’s trendiest areas, stylish
- began 2nd wave of gentrification
- Notting Hill carnival - street dancing and floats
- portobello market offers something for almost everyone
- near Holland Park, Hyde park and Kensington gardens
- beauty spa, wine bar and a gallery selling artworks
rent control
influenced by NHs shaping flow of money and investment
- abolished in 1957, enabled private landlords to charge whatever rent they wanted to
- houses on Portland road became cash cows
- landlords had to get tenants with a cash incentive in order to remove their protection from rent control
wealthy investors
- brought houses on Portland road and renovated them
- house prices increased as more wealthy people moved in and renovated
- pushed out the poor people who were moved into council housing (which had better conditions)
- the south end of the road was now completely separated by the borough council with a traffic barrier
- gentrification of the south became more rapid
- house prices rose massively as bankers started moving into the area
- 10 shops but no supermarkets
