Gentrification - Notting Hill

Question 1

What is gentrification?

Answer 1

buying, renovating, and improving housing by affluent professionals/families rather than organisations. - displacing low-income groups, businesses and changing neighborhood composition

Question 2

What is the median age of Notting Hill?

Answer 2

36 (UK 39)

Question 3

What percentage of people in Notting Hill are educated to degree level?

Answer 3

45% (UK, 19%)

Question 4

What is the total number of migrants in Notting Hill?

Answer 4

13% (UK, 12%)

Question 5

In Notting Hill, what is the average price for a three bedroom house?

Answer 5

£1.1 million (UK £250,000)

Question 6

In Notting Hill, what % of people are in socially rented housing?

Answer 6

38% (UK, 18%)

Question 7

How have the house prices grown in Notting Hill over the past five years?

Answer 7

They’ve grown by 30% (UK 4%)

Question 8

What was Notting Hill like in the 1950s?

Answer 8

rough working class, known for slum landlords and deprivation

Question 9

What was Notting Hill like in 1958?

Answer 9

tension between original ‘Teddy Boys’ and new dwellers (carnival riots)

Question 10

What happened in WWI to Notting Hill?

Answer 10

Caribbean migrants moved in because cheap and poverty high

Question 11

What did the influx of Caribbean migrants lead to?

Answer 11

Notting Hill became a cheap, poverty infested area

Question 12

What happened in Notting Hill in 60s/70s?

Answer 12

young professionals moved in

Question 13

What is urban resurgence?

Answer 13

movement of people back into urban areas following economic and structural regeneration of an area that suffered decline

Question 14

What were the positive impacts of gentrification of Notting Hill?

Answer 14

*less crime
*elegant Victorian houses with big gardens
*green spaces
*cool, bohemian
*high end boutiques (Native & Co)
*High quality restaurants (The Ledbury)

Question 15

What is the cheapest house on Portland Road?

Answer 15

£350, 000 (£100,000 more than national average)

Question 16

What was the average house price in 2020?

Answer 16

£1.9 million

Question 17

In just over 40 years, how much have house prices risen?

Answer 17

From £11,000 to £2 million

Question 18

What has decreased due to employment

Answer 18

Crime levels

Question 19

What happed that sparked anger amongst locals?

Answer 19

The local pub shut

Question 20

What’s the issue with the level of regeneration in the area?

Answer 20

Cost has forced out locals, so poverty is simply moved elsewhere

Question 21

What’s been lost?

Answer 21

Sense of community

Question 22

What was the area like before gentrification?

Answer 22

Unfashionable, neglected and potentially uninhabited (broken windows, unmaintained gardens)

Question 23

What’s the area like after gentrification?

Answer 23

Manicured gardens, busy markets, Caucasian people

Question 24

When were race riots?

Answer 24

1958

Question 25

What were race riots due to

Answer 25

Tensions between the newly arrived Afro- Caribbean community and the ‘teddy boys’ of the fascist British union

Question 26

When did the second riot take place?

Answer 26

During the Notting Hill carnival of 1976

Question 27

What helped to popularise the area?

Answer 27

The film Notting Hill, but gentrification was underway way before this.

Question 28

What happens there every year?

Answer 28

The largest street festival outside of Rio De Janeiro, attended by 1million people

Question 29

demographic characteristics - past

Answer 29

• Industrialisation brought in workers from - the countryside
  in 1900, 2/3 of residents were considered poor, this had also pushed out the middle class of the South, to be replaced by skilled workers
• Wealthy in the south, poor in the north
• Large numbers of West Indies migrants after WW2 - over 8 people in 2 rooms
• High-earning private sector professionals and managers in the 80s and 90s

used to be flats lived in by multiple families, now 1 house with 1 family

Question 30

demographic characteristics - present

Answer 30

wealthy people due to high rent prices
As of 2011:
45% White British
34% Other White
5% Mixed
4% Other Asian
2.7% Chinese
2.4% White Irish
2% Indian
1.7% Arab
0.7% Black
- Top earners in the country live at southern end, some of the bottoms 5% live in the north

Question 31

socio-economic characteristics - past

Answer 31

• tollgate in the 18th century
• grown into a village by 1840
• industrialisation brought in workers, who landlords would put in small, terraced houses, slum people only afford 1 room
• After Ww2 houses divided into rental units for poor tenants
  rent control 1957- drive out the working class Gentrification in the 60s and 70s
• Mature gentrification in the 80s and 90s - estate agents buying the improved properties

Question 32

socio-economic characteristics - present

Answer 32

• The property prices reflect that of the Victorian area, with most expensive prices (av.£3.5m) being houses previously inhabited by middle Class
• Northward gentrification - new names for previously working-class areas
• Contains both cheaper ethnic restaurants and upscale ones (e.g.,Leith’s)
• Super-gentrification: exclusive shopping and exponential growth in house prices

Question 33

cultural characteristics - past

Answer 33

• notorious race riots of the 50s
• riot after the Notting Hill Carnival’76 inspired the Clash’s song “white riot”
• before WW2 not diverse, white population

Question 34

cultural characteristics - present

Answer 34

• movie Notting Hill shows one of London’s trendiest areas, stylish
• began 2nd wave of gentrification
• Notting Hill carnival - street dancing and floats
• portobello market offers something for almost everyone
• near Holland Park, Hyde park and Kensington gardens
• beauty spa, wine bar and a gallery selling artworks

Question 35

rent control

Answer 35

influenced by NHs shaping flow of money and investment
- abolished in 1957, enabled private landlords to charge whatever rent they wanted to
- houses on Portland road became cash cows
- landlords had to get tenants with a cash incentive in order to remove their protection from rent control

Question 36

wealthy investors

Answer 36

• brought houses on Portland road and renovated them
• house prices increased as more wealthy people moved in and renovated
• pushed out the poor people who were moved into council housing (which had better conditions)
• the south end of the road was now completely separated by the borough council with a traffic barrier
• gentrification of the south became more rapid
• house prices rose massively as bankers started moving into the area
• 10 shops but no supermarkets