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Human Geography: CUE > CASE STUDY : Social Inequality - Dharavi > Flashcards

CASE STUDY : Social Inequality - Dharavi Flashcards

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1
Q

How many people live on 3km2 of land?

A

1 million

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2
Q

Where is Mumbai located?

A

Prime land in the middle of Mumbai (India’s financial centre) in Maharashtra state

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3
Q

When was Dharavi’s slum founded?

A

1882 when the British colonial government moved locals out of the city centre to develop their governmental + public buildings

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4
Q

What was Dharavi’s original economy?

A

Originally a small fishing village on an island in a mangrove swamp on the Arabian Sea coast

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5
Q

Why won’t people move? (3)

A
  • multi-generational (4 generations = happy safe community)
  • choose to be there
  • Mumbai housing is expensive (rent higher than NYC + London)
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6
Q

Why did Dharavi experience hyper-urbanisation? (4)

A
  • primary location for finance
  • overlaps CBD
  • migration from other regions of India
  • followed India’s independence from British Empire 1947
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7
Q

What happened to the marshy ground?

A

reclaimed by draining and infilling with waste materials e.g., coconut leaves, rotten fish, rubbish - meant the settlement lost its river creek and therefore its original fishing economy

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8
Q

What is Dharavi’s economy based on? (3)

A
  • pottery (from Gujurat state)
  • tanneries (Rural-urban migrants from Maharashtra state (local) and migrants from Tamil Nadu (SE India) worked the tanneries
  • textiles (Migrants from Uttar Pradesh state (N India) )
    $650m annnual turnover
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9
Q

How much of India’s foreign trade did Mumbai account for in 2015?

A

40%

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10
Q

How many industrial units does Dharavi have?

A

5,000 garment manufacturing, pottery, steel manufacture, printing, recycling

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11
Q

What are single-room factory rooms like in Dharavi?

A

Over 15,000 single-room factories employ over 250,000 people

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12
Q

What improvement is needed in Dharavi? (4)

A
  • Sanitation
  • Working conditions
  • Buildings
  • Healthcare/ Education
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13
Q

What do rag pickers do?

A

collect waste materials like plastic/glass/metals and sell to scrap dealers who in turn sell to factories for processing e.g. plastic bottles into plastic pellets - recycles over 80% of Mumbai’s waste (Mumbai generates >7,000 tonnes of waste a day)

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14
Q

How many people rag-pick in Dharavi?

A

35,000 (including children)

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15
Q

What is Dharavi’s economic turnover?

A

estimated to exceed US$1 billion - a huge amount
- many international banks located in south (central bank)

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16
Q

Which sector do most people work in?

A

90% in the informal sector (no records, no tax paid, no employment/factory regulations) - typical of India as a whole with >90% of all employment and most economic growth taking place within the informal sector

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17
Q

what is the economic activity like?

A

largely decentralised i.e., it is organised and run from inside Dharavi
e.g call centres

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18
Q

How many people per toilet?

A

1400

19
Q

How many people are in poverty?

A

40%
millionaires live in the slum

20
Q

Why is there poor health in Dharavi?

A

diseases like TB spread quickly due to the high population density and poor sanitation - so high death rates

21
Q

What % are malnourished?

A

30%

22
Q

How big is Dharavi slum in comparison to the rest of the world?

A

3rd

23
Q

What percentage of plastic is recycled in Mumnbai compared to UK?

A

Mumbai - 80%
UK - 23%

24
Q

What is compound 13?

A
  • recycling district in the slum
  • materials are separated by hand
25
Q

How many bags of rubbish are collected per day by Mumbai rag pickers?

A

1 million bags per day

26
Q

What are the push factors for Mumbai? (4)

A
  • Flooding 1/2 a million isolated (280 villages)
  • Lack of communication infrastructure, 2/3 of population doesn’t have a bank account
  • Poor crop yields force farmers into high-interest loans wife gone
  • No healthcare / safe drinking water
27
Q

What are the pull factors for Mumbai?

A
  • Specialised higher paying jobs
  • Healthcare and reliable supply of food or water
  • Technology
  • Social opportunities
28
Q

what is hyper-urbanisation?

A

population growth so quickly the city cannot cope with the needs of its population

29
Q

What is Mumbais population?

A

3 million - 1950
27 million - 2021
(India’s largest city)

30
Q

What are the solutions to Dharavi (5)?

A
  • $2 billion dor Dharavi to become tower blocks
  • 78 high-rise buildings approved to improve housing
  • building codes
  • $40 trillion for all cities to become sustainable
  • Sanitation initiatives for slums
31
Q

What are Dharavi tower block issues?

A

Results in a loss of homes with most opposing and little can be relocated

32
Q

What are the Mumbais’ issues? (4)

A
  • hyper urbanisation
  • Slum communities are common (overcrowded, noisy)
  • Polluted waterways
  • Infrastructure overwhelmed
33
Q

What is Dharavi’s social issue due to years of gov neglect?

A
  • Health and safety often neglected by gov
  • Many people sleep where they work
34
Q

What is the average life expectancy in Dharavi?

A

60 national average 67

35
Q

What are Dharavis environmental issues?

A
  • Riverways heavily polluted, nothing can survive in it
  • Toxic fumes are frequently released
36
Q

Dharavi economic factors?

A
  • area is valuable located miles from CBD
  • Offers economic migrants chance of jobs
  • Traditionally involved in textiles and pottery
37
Q

how many doctors for every 100,000 people?

A

54

38
Q

What % live in slums?

A

60%

39
Q

How many people is Mumbai’s existing healthcare system designed to treat?

A

Up to 7 million people
(1/4 of their pop)

40
Q

Why do TNCs often locate in Mumbai?

A

Workers are educated and skilled, but are paid less than HIC’s (cheaper labour)

41
Q

What type of housing is in the wealthy parts of Mumbai? (3)

A
  • High qual apartments (due to land pressure)
  • air conditioning
  • pools
42
Q

What is argued that government policies are depriving the poor of their fundamental rights?

A

Schemes are aimed a wealthy city workers
- e.g railway investments only benefit the wealth + MC

43
Q

Why has Mumbai produced so many English-speaking IT and engineering graduates?

A
  • The government has invested in university education
  • Many English companies have invested also - leading to increased wealth

Human Geography: CUE (16 decks)

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