3.2.3.1 - Urbanisation Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
An increase in the proportion of a country’s population living in an urban area
What is suburbanisation?
The decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the edges of an urban area
What is counter-urbanisation?
Population movement from large urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural area
What is urban resurgence?
Population movement away from rural areas and back to urban ones
What is urban growth?
Increase in the total population of a town or city
What is urban expansion?
Increase in physical size/ footprint of a town or city
Why are urban areas important? (4)
- Organisation of economic production
- Exchange of ideas/ creative thinking
- Social and cultural centres
- Centres off political power and decision making
What is urbanism?
The idea that there is a certain way of living and functioning in urban areas, a lifestyle
Where is mostly urbanisation taking place?
Asia and Africa
Why can data on urbanisation be unreliable?
All countries define it differently
What is a mega city?
A metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million
How much of the world’s population lived in an urban area in 2014?
54%
How many people are predicted to live in an urban area by 2050?
70%
What are world cities?
Cities seen to have an impact and important role in the global economic system and that link with other cities
What are features of world cities?(2)
Highly interconnected, usually MEDCs due to stable financial influence
What is urban growth caused by>?
Population growth and rural to urban migration
What are the consequences of urban growth? (5)
- Urban sprawl
- More infrastructure required
- Loss of wildlife and habitat
- Commuting, congestion and pollution
- Increased fuel consumption
What are push factors for rural to urban migration?
- Agricultural problems such as low rainfall, divisions of land
- high levels of local disease and inadequate medical provisions
- Wars and civil strife
- Natural disasters
What are pull factors for rural to urban migration? (4)
- Employment in factories and service industry, better paid than in rural area
- High demand for unskilled labour
- Informal sector jobs, goods and transport etc
- Better quality provisions such as education, healthcare
What is deindustrialisation?
The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector, movement out of the city
What are factors affecting deindustrialisation?
- Mechanisation - no longer need people
- Competition from imports - cheap products from china
- Reduced demand for traditional products such as steel
What are the characteristics of suburbanisation? (3)
- Arterial roads and railways
- Ribbon developments
- Private housing estates
What are the causes of suburbanisation?
Outward growth of urban development;op ends which engulfs surrounding areas
Improved transport, commuting
Inner cities become less desirable
What are the effects of suburbanisation?
More car use, better public transport
Green belts created or control developments
Urban sprawl, less environment
Funding moved out of inner city
What are the characteristics of counter-urbanisation?
Movement of people from major urban areas to smaller, rural settlements
What are the causes of counter suburbanisation?
Cheaper rural house prices, want to escape bust, polluted crime hot sports, increase car ownership
What are the effects o0f counter urbanisation?
Modern housing estates built in rural area and old properties refurbished
Tension due to developments
Services shut down such as schools, pubs, post offices etc
Increased local house prices
What are the characteristics of urban resurgence?
Economic and structural regeneration of an urban area which had previously suffered decline
What are the causes of urban resurgence?
De-industrialisation caused decline
Large events such as Olypics and sports events
What are the effects of urban resurgence?
Historic buildings from industry converted into housing
Urban redevelopment schemes
City living becomes more attractive
Pressure on services and infrastructure
What are the causes of growth of the service economy ?
Population growth, people searching fro obs
Financial services needed to support manufacturing industry
As we Crome technically sophisticated, more people are required to service technologies
What are uses of growth of the service sector?
MAny of the men who lost jobs to deindustrialisation continue to be unemployed
Many service jobs created only part time or temporary
The number of service jobs created has not always ,ade up for them loss of jobs through manufacturing
WHere did deindustrialisation and d4ecentralisation affect the UK in in 1970s?
Sheffield, Yorkshire
