3.2.3.1 - Urbanisation

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

An increase in the proportion of a country’s population living in an urban area

Question 2

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 2

The decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the edges of an urban area

Question 3

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 3

Population movement from large urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural area

Question 4

What is urban resurgence?

Answer 4

Population movement away from rural areas and back to urban ones

Question 5

What is urban growth?

Answer 5

Increase in the total population of a town or city

Question 6

What is urban expansion?

Answer 6

Increase in physical size/ footprint of a town or city

Question 7

Why are urban areas important? (4)

Answer 7

• Organisation of economic production
• Exchange of ideas/ creative thinking
• Social and cultural centres
• Centres off political power and decision making

Question 8

What is urbanism?

Answer 8

The idea that there is a certain way of living and functioning in urban areas, a lifestyle

Question 9

Where is mostly urbanisation taking place?

Answer 9

Asia and Africa

Question 10

Why can data on urbanisation be unreliable?

Answer 10

All countries define it differently

Question 11

What is a mega city?

Answer 11

A metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million

Question 12

How much of the world’s population lived in an urban area in 2014?

Answer 12

54%

Question 13

How many people are predicted to live in an urban area by 2050?

Answer 13

70%

Question 14

What are world cities?

Answer 14

Cities seen to have an impact and important role in the global economic system and that link with other cities

Question 15

What are features of world cities?(2)

Answer 15

Highly interconnected, usually MEDCs due to stable financial influence

Question 16

What is urban growth caused by>?

Answer 16

Population growth and rural to urban migration

Question 17

What are the consequences of urban growth? (5)

Answer 17

• Urban sprawl
• More infrastructure required
• Loss of wildlife and habitat
• Commuting, congestion and pollution
• Increased fuel consumption

Question 18

What are push factors for rural to urban migration?

Answer 18

• Agricultural problems such as low rainfall, divisions of land
• high levels of local disease and inadequate medical provisions
• Wars and civil strife
• Natural disasters

Question 19

What are pull factors for rural to urban migration? (4)

Answer 19

• Employment in factories and service industry, better paid than in rural area
• High demand for unskilled labour
• Informal sector jobs, goods and transport etc
• Better quality provisions such as education, healthcare

Question 20

What is deindustrialisation?

Answer 20

The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector, movement out of the city

Question 21

What are factors affecting deindustrialisation?

Answer 21

• Mechanisation - no longer need people
• Competition from imports - cheap products from china
• Reduced demand for traditional products such as steel

Question 22

What are the characteristics of suburbanisation? (3)

Answer 22

• Arterial roads and railways
• Ribbon developments
• Private housing estates

Question 23

What are the causes of suburbanisation?

Answer 23

Outward growth of urban development;op ends which engulfs surrounding areas
Improved transport, commuting
Inner cities become less desirable

Question 24

What are the effects of suburbanisation?

Answer 24

More car use, better public transport
Green belts created or control developments
Urban sprawl, less environment
Funding moved out of inner city

Question 25

What are the characteristics of counter-urbanisation?

Answer 25

Movement of people from major urban areas to smaller, rural settlements

Question 26

What are the causes of counter suburbanisation?

Answer 26

Cheaper rural house prices, want to escape bust, polluted crime hot sports, increase car ownership

Question 27

What are the effects o0f counter urbanisation?

Answer 27

Modern housing estates built in rural area and old properties refurbished
Tension due to developments
Services shut down such as schools, pubs, post offices etc
Increased local house prices

Question 28

What are the characteristics of urban resurgence?

Answer 28

Economic and structural regeneration of an urban area which had previously suffered decline

Question 29

What are the causes of urban resurgence?

Answer 29

De-industrialisation caused decline
Large events such as Olypics and sports events

Question 30

What are the effects of urban resurgence?

Answer 30

Historic buildings from industry converted into housing
Urban redevelopment schemes
City living becomes more attractive
Pressure on services and infrastructure

Question 31

What are the causes of growth of the service economy ?

Answer 31

Population growth, people searching fro obs
Financial services needed to support manufacturing industry
As we Crome technically sophisticated, more people are required to service technologies

Question 32

What are uses of growth of the service sector?

Answer 32

MAny of the men who lost jobs to deindustrialisation continue to be unemployed
Many service jobs created only part time or temporary
The number of service jobs created has not always ,ade up for them loss of jobs through manufacturing

Question 33

WHere did deindustrialisation and d4ecentralisation affect the UK in in 1970s?

Answer 33

Sheffield, Yorkshire