Genitourinary, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Answer 1

Sildenafil (Viagra) and vardenafil (Levitra)
-color changes (cyanosis (blue tint vision)
-photosensitivity

Question 2

BPH Alpha 1-blockers

Answer 2

prazosin (minidress), terazosin (Hytrin), and tamsulosin (Flomax)
-Flomax= intraoperative floppy iris syndrome

Question 3

ACE inhibitors

Answer 3

lisinopril, benazepril, enalapril, captopril
-inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme and blocks metabolism of bradykinins
-adverse effect: COUGH
-hypersensitivity reactions

Question 4

ARBs

Answer 4

losartan
-inhibits angiotensin 2-directed contraction of smooth vascular muscles
-NO COUGH

Question 5

Beta Blockers

Answer 5

propranolol and labetalol: nonselective B1 and B2 blockers
-block release of renin from kidney
metoprolol and atenolol: selective beta 1

Question 6

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 6

nifedipine (Procardia), verapamil (Calan/Isoptin), diltiazem (Cardizem)
-block L-type calcium channels, resulting in a marked decrease in intracellular free calcium
-verapaMIL and DILtiazem have direct cardiac effects

Question 7

Loop Diuretic

Answer 7

Lasix
-inhibits Na/2Cl-/K+ co-transporters in the thick ascending LOH

Question 8

Thiazide

Answer 8

hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) and chlorothiazide (Diuril)
-distal convoluted tubes
-Acute transient myopia and acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 9

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Answer 9

-spironolactone (Aldactone): late DCT and collecting ducts
-triamterene (Dyrenium): directly blocks epithelial sodium channels

Question 10

Osmotic Diuretics

Answer 10

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Question 11

Clomidine (Catapres)

Answer 11

CNS A2 agonist
-parent compound of apraclonidine (may decrease IOP)

Question 12

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

Answer 12

SE: conjunctivitis and increased lacrimation

Question 13

Digoxin

Answer 13

inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme
-retrobulbar optic neuritis
-B/Y color defect
-entopic phenomenon

Question 14

Amiodarone

Answer 14

NAION
whorl keratopathy
anterior sub capsular lens deposits

Question 15

Warfarin

Answer 15

vitamin K antagonist
-reversible by administering Vitamin K

Question 16

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Answer 16

inhibits the ADP receptor on platelet cell membranes
-irreversible

Question 17

Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Answer 17

-inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 18

Statins

Answer 18

Lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin
-inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
-lower LDL and triglycerides

Question 19

Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Answer 19

lowers VLDLs and triglycerides

Question 20

Cholestyramine (Questran)

Answer 20

bile acid binding resin
-combo with Lopid