Genital/Reproductive System Flashcards
Female - Estrogen - RED FLAGS
Estrogen dec rate of bone resorption - OP and risk of fx inc dramatically after menopause
Estogen inc production of thyroid and inc high density lipoproteins - heart disease and stroke risk inc after menopause
Normal pregnancy weight gain
20-30 pounds
PTs teaching childbirth education classes - includes what
breathing management
relaxation training
education
Common changes with pregnancy
Postural changes - kyphosis and scap protraction, cervical lordosis/forward head, lumbar lordosis
Balance changes - COG shifts forward
Ligamentous laxity
Mm weakness - pelvic floor and abdominals
Urinary changes - increased freq
Resp = might experience dyspnea
Cardio - inc blood volume, venous pressure, HR, CO, dec BP
Altered thermoregulation - inc heat production and basal metabolic rate
Pregnancy related pathologies - Diastasis Recti abdominis is what
lateral separation or split of the rectus abdominis
separation from midline (linea alba) greater than 2cm is significant - associated with loss of abrominal wall support, inc back pain
Pregnancy related pathologies - Diastasis Recti abdominis - PT interventions
Teach protection of abdominal musculature - avoid abdominal exercises
Resume abdominal exercises once separation is less than 2 cm
Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - results from
overstretching during pregnancy and childbirth
Can result in partial or total organ prolapse with further loss of elasticity and mm tone
Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - prolapse - Cystocele
Herniation of the bladder into the vagina
Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - Rectocele
Herniation of the rectum into the vagina
Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - Uterine prolapse
The bulging of he uterus into the vagina
Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - RED FLAGS - pain can radiate to where
down posterior thigh
Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - PT intervention
Observe urinary frequency and urgency, low back and perineal pain
Strengthen PC muscles
Postural education and muscle re-ed
Pregnancy related pathologies - low back and pelvic pain - PT interventions
Teach proper body mechanics
Balance rest with activity
Emphasize use of a firm mattress
Massage, modalities for pain (no deep heat)
Pregnancy related pathologies - SIJ dysfunction - PT interventions
External stabilization
avoid single limb WB
Pregnancy related pathologies - Varicose veins - PT intervention
Elevate extremeties
Avoid crossing legs
Use of elastic support stockings might help
Pregnancy related pathologies - Preeclampsia is what
pregnancy induced acute hypertension after the 24th wk of gestation
Pregnancy related pathologies - Ceserean childbirth -PT interventions
postoperative TENS for incisional pain
Prevent postsurgical pulmonary complications
Exercises - gentle abdominal exercises, pelvic floor strengthening
Precautions with heavy lifting for 4-6 wks
Disorders of the female reproductive system - Endometriosis is characterized by what
Ectopic growth and function of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
Disorders of the female reproductive system - Endometriosis - common sites
Common sites include ovaries, fallopian tubes, broad ligament, uterosacral ligaments, pelvis, vagina, intestines
Disorders of the female reproductive system - Endometriosis - symptoms
pain
dysmenorrhea
dyspareunia (pain with sex)
infertility
Disorders of the female reproductive system - Endometriosis - RED FLAGS
pt may complain of back pain
Disorders of the female reproductive system - Pelvic inflammatory disease is what
an inflammation of the upper reproductive tract involving the uterus (endometritis) fallopian tubes (salpingitis) or ovaries (oophoritis)
Disorders of the female reproductive system - Pelvic inflammatory disease - caused by
polymicrobial agent that ascends through endocervical canal
Disorders of the female reproductive system - Pelvic inflammatory disease - symptoms
lower abdominal pain usually starts after menstrual cycle
purulent cervical discharge
painful cervix
fever - elevated WBC, icnreased ESR
Disorders of the female reproductive system - Pelvic inflammatory disease - complications
pelvic adhesions infertility ectopic pregnancy chronic pain abscess
Male - what prepares sperm for ejaculation
accessory glands (seminal vesciles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands)
Male - the ductal system
epididymides, vas deferens, and ejaculatory ducts - stores and transports sperm
Male - urethra functions in
elimination of urine and semen
Male - FSH initiates
spermatogenesis
Male - LH regulates
testosterone production
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - impotence is what
the inability to achieve and maintain erection for sexual intercourse
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - organic causes - Neurogenic
Stroke Cerebral trauma SCI MS Parkinsons
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - organic causes - Hormonal
Dec androgen levels with hypogonadism
hypothyroidism
hypopituitarism
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - organic causes - Vascular
hypertension coronary heart disease hyperlipidemia cigarette smoking DM pelvic irradiation
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - organic causes - Drug induced
Antidepressants Antipsychotics Antiandrogens Antihypertensives Amphetamines Alcohol
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - surgical causes
Transurethral procedures
Radical prostatectomy
Proctocolectomy
Abdominoperineal resection
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis is what
infection and inflammation of the prostate gland
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types
acute bacterial
chronic
nonbacterial
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types - acute bacterial
involves UTI and is associated with catheterization and multiple sex partners
sx - urinary freq, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, urethral discharge, fever, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, pain
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types - acute bacterial - RED FLAG
Dull, aching pain may be found in lower abdominal, rectal, low back, sacral or groin regions
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types - chronic
can also be bacterial in origin and is associated with recurrent UTIs
Sx - urinary freq with urgency, myalgia, arthralgia, pain in low back or perineal region
Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types - nonbacterial
produces pain the penis, testicles, and scrotum
painful ejactulation, low back pain or pain in inner thighs
urinary symptoms, dec libido, and impotence
