Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology 1 pre AP > genetics test 2 > Flashcards

genetics test 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what’s sexual reproduction

A

two parents create offspring that are unique, not identical to either parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

whats asexual reproduction

A

one parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself-clones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does sexual reproduction require

A

sperm and egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how many chromosomes do body cells have

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many chromosomes do gametes have

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does 1n+1n=2n represent

A

23 chromosomes from dad pls 23 from mom make 46 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are gametes made with

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is PMAT

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

homologous chromosomes are separated into how many cells in meiosis

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a haploid

A

when a cell contains half the number of a full set of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a diploid

A

when a cell contains a full set of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is an example of a haploid

A

gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

whats a centromere

A

where the two chromatids of a chromosome are joined together and where spindle fibers attach during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens during interphase for meiosis

A

It’s the resting phase, 1 round of DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the parts of interphase

A

G1- growth, S- Dna replication, G2- more growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens in prophase 1

A

spindle fibers begin to form, crossing over occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are homologous chromosomes

A

chromosomes that contain the same genes, but may have different versions of the same gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens in crossing

A

chromatids of the homologous cross over one another and are exchanged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why is crossing over important

A

it adds variation to the chromosome combination and causes the 4 haploids to be unique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a tetrad

A

a pair of two homologous chromosomes .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens in metaphase 1

A

chromosomes move to the middle of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when does independant assortment occur

A

metaphase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens in independant assortment

A

chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate randomly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does independant assortement help ensure

A

genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what happens in anaphase 1

A

homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what happens in telophase 1

A

nuclear membrane forms around each cluster chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what happens in cytokinesis 1

A

cytoplasm divides to form 2 new daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what happens in prophase 2

A

spindles reform and chromosomes become visible

29
Q

what happens in metaphase 2

A

chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

30
Q

what happens in anaphase 2

A

chromosomes are separated and chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell

31
Q

what happens in telophase 2

A

nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosmes

32
Q

what happens in cytokinesis 2

A

both cells divide and form 4 haploid daughter cells

33
Q

how many times does the parent cell divide in meiosis

A

twice

34
Q

what are the main 5 chromosomal mutations

A

deltions, inversion, translocation , non disjunction, duplication

35
Q

what happens in deletions

A

piece of chromosome is ost due to breakage

36
Q

what happens ininversion

A

chromosome segment breaks off, segment flips around backwards, segment reataches backwards

37
Q

what happens in duplication

A

makes it longer when a gene sequence is repeated

38
Q

what happens in translocation

A

two chromosomes that aren’t homologous cross over

39
Q

what happens in non disjunction

A

failure of chromosome separating that result in gametes having too many or too little chromosomes

40
Q

what are examples of disorders caused by non-disjunction

A

down syndrome, turner syndrome, klein felter’s syndrome

41
Q

whats a monosomie

A

when theres one one chromosme instead of two in a pir

42
Q

whats a trysomie

A

when theres 3 chromosomes instead of 2 in a pair

43
Q

what happens in down syndrome

A

a trysomie in the 21st pair of chromosmes

44
Q

whats a monohybrid cross

A

crossing only one gene

45
Q

what a dihybrid cross

A

crossing two genes

46
Q

how many alleles does every gene have in mendelian genetics

A

2

47
Q

what’s an allele

A

a diffrent form of a gene

48
Q

what’s a trait

A

a characteristic encoded by a gene

49
Q

what are alleles represented by

A

ltters

50
Q

what’s dominant

A

type of allele that may mask the effect of others

51
Q

what type of letters are dominant

A

capital letters

52
Q

what’s recessive

A

type of allele that may be masked by others

53
Q

what type of letters are recessive

A

lower-case

54
Q

what’s a genotype

A

the alleles represented by letters

55
Q

whats a phenotype

A

the genotype expressed in a trait

56
Q

how do you write ratios for a punnet square

A

don’t simplify

57
Q

what homozygous

A

two of the same alleles in a pair

58
Q

what hetrozygous

A

two diffrent alleles in a pair

59
Q

what is incomplete dominance

A

the blending of traits

60
Q

example of incomplete dominance

A

red and white flower make purple

61
Q

what is codominance

A

two dominant alleles expressed at the same time

62
Q

example of codominance

A

black and orange make black and orange stripes

63
Q

multiple alleles

A

when some genes have more than two possible alles

64
Q

what are the blood types

A

a, b, ab,o

65
Q

what do blood types refer to

A

the diffrent proteins on the surface of red blood cells

66
Q

which blood type is considered universal

A

type O

67
Q

are blood types inherited

A

yes

68
Q

what are blood types example of

A

codiminance and multiple alles

biology 1 pre AP (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions