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biology 1 pre AP > Enzymes and digestive system test 2 > Flashcards

Enzymes and digestive system test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are enzymes

A

helper protein molecules for chemical reactions

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2
Q

what is synthesis

A

building molecules

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3
Q

what is digestion

A

breaking down molecules

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4
Q

what do all chemical reactions require

A

an enzyme

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5
Q

what are catalysts

A

enzymes that increase the rate of reaction

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6
Q

what biomolecules are enzymes

A

proteins

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7
Q

each enzyme is a specific what

A

helper to specific reaction

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8
Q

enzymes require a certain what for the job

A

the right shape

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9
Q

what breaks down sucrose

A

sucrase

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10
Q

what breaks down proteins

A

proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin

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11
Q

what breaks down fats and lipids

A

bile and lipase

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12
Q

what enzyme builds dna

A

dna polymerase

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13
Q

how do reactions affect enzymes

A

thye are not changed

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14
Q

what amount of enzyme is needed for a reaction

A

very little

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15
Q

what is the active site

A

where enzyme and substrait connect

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16
Q

why is the shape of the protein important

A

allows enzyme and protein to click

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17
Q

what is a substrait

A

molecule that enzymes work on

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18
Q

what is the product

A

what the enzymes help produce from the reaction

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19
Q

what affects protein structure

A

the order of amino acids

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20
Q

what happens if order of amino acids is wrong

A

it has the wrong shape and cant do its job

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21
Q

what an optimum temp

A

temp with greatest number of collisions between enzyme and substrait

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22
Q

what is the optimum temp for human enzymes

A

37 degrees

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23
Q

what happens when the temperature reaches boiling for enzymes

A

protein denatures, unfolds and loses shape

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24
Q

what happens when the temperature gets too low for enzymes

A

molecules move slower and there are fewer collisions

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25
Q

what do changes in pH change

A

protein shape

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26
Q

what is the pH of most human enzymes

A

6 to 8

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27
Q

what is the most important thing for enzymes

A

shape

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28
Q

what do animals make energy with

A

food and oxygen

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29
Q

what is ATP used for

A

synthesis

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30
Q

what are the steps of getting and using food

A

ingest digest absorb eliminate

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31
Q

what is ingest

A

taking in food

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32
Q

what is digest mechanical and chemical digestions diffrences

A

mechanical is physical digestions and chemical is breaking food down with chemicals

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33
Q

what is eliminate

A

undigested materials flushed out of body

34
Q

whats an example of mechanical digestion in the mouth

35
Q

what an example of chemical digestion in the mouth

A

amylase from saliva breaking down carbs

36
Q

what do the salvitary glands produce

37
Q

what is mucus

A

protects soft lining of digestive system and lubricates food

38
Q

what are buffers

A

neutralize acid

39
Q

what is epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage that closes the trachea

40
Q

what is perstalilis

A

muscle contractions to move along food

41
Q

what is the overall function of mouth

A

break up food, digest starch, kill germs, moisten food

42
Q

how does the stomach disinfect food

A

hydrochloric acid kills bacteria

43
Q

how does stomach allow food storage

A

it stretchs

44
Q

how does stomach digest proteins

A

with pepsin

45
Q

where does pepsin come from

A

the stomach

46
Q

what is the overall function of stomach

A

kills germs, break up food, digest proteins, store food

47
Q

how does the small intestine digest carbohydrates

48
Q

how does the small intestine digest proteins

A

trypsin and chimotrypsin

49
Q

how does the smallintestine diegst lipids and fats

A

bile and lipase

50
Q

what is absorption

A

nutrients move into body cells by diffusion

51
Q

what is active transport

A

movment of molecules across cell membranes with the help of an enzyme

52
Q

how does absorbtion go through small inestine

A

villi and micro villi stretch it out

53
Q

whats the overall fucntion of the small intestine

A

break down food, absorb nutrients

54
Q

what protein-digesting enzymes does the pancreas produce

A

trypsin and chimo trypsin

55
Q

what starch digesting enzymes does the pancreas produce

56
Q

what fat and lipid digesting enzymes does the pancreas produce

57
Q

what is the overall function of the pancreas

A

produce enzyme to digest all foods

58
Q

what does the liver produce

59
Q

what does the gall bladder store

60
Q

what is the overall fucntion of the liver

A

produce bile stroed in gall bladder, break up fats

61
Q

what doe sthe large intestine do

A

re absorb WATER

62
Q

what happens if not enough water is reabsorbed by the large intestine

63
Q

what happens if too much water re absorbed

A

constipation

64
Q

how are digestive juices re absorbed

A

by diffusion

65
Q

what lives in the large intestinnee

A

helpful bacteria

66
Q

what does E Coli do in large intestine

A

digest cellulose, produce vitamins, generate gases

67
Q

what digests cellulose

68
Q

overall function of large inestines

A

absorb water

69
Q

what is an appendix

A

a vestigal organ

70
Q

what is a rectum

A

last section of th elarge intestine

71
Q

what is the rectum’s function

A

eliminate feces

72
Q

what is eliminated by rectum

A

undigested materials, roughage, fibers, masses of bacteria

73
Q

why is the rectum helpful

A

keeps everything moving and cleans out intestine

74
Q

can enzymes be un denatured from change in pH

75
Q

can enzymes be un denatured from temp

76
Q

which biomolecule has a double bond on oxygen

77
Q

what is the chemical formula for a carburetor

78
Q

what is the chemical formula for a lipid

79
Q

what is chemical formula for proteins

80
Q

what is the chemical formula for nucleic acids

biology 1 pre AP (10 decks)

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