Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology 1 pre AP > dna, rna and protein synthesis test 1 > Flashcards

dna, rna and protein synthesis test 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does dna stand for

A

deoxyribo nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is dna organised into

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is dna stored

A

the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what structure does dna have

A

double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is dna made of

A

nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the elements of a DNA nucleotide

A

phosphate, deoxyribo sugar and nitrogen base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which parts of nucleotide parts of the nucleotide make up the backbone of the dna

A

the phosphate and the deoxyribo sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the complementary strands

A

dna strands whose bases match, complement each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the types of bases for dna

A

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the base pairing rules for dna .

A

A goes with T, G goes with C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why are dna strands considered anti parrallel

A

because the strands run in opposite directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which directions do dna strands run

A

3 prime to 5 prime , and 5 prime to 3 prime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the bonds between DNA nitrogen bases

A

hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are bonds between nitrogen bases so weak

A

so the bonds can be easily broken and bases can detach for RNA synthesis or DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does RNA stand for

A

ribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how are rna sugar and dna sugar diffrent

A

rna is ribose , dna is deoxyribose sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the structre for rna

A

single stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the nitrogen bases for rna

A

adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the monomer for rna

A

nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

who discovered the structure of dna

A

james watson, francis crick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why can rna leave the nucleus but not dna

A

rna is small enough to fit through the nucleus pores but dna is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is dna replication

A

process in which dna makes a copy of itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what part of mitosis does dna replication occur

A

interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why is dna replication considered semi conservative

A

because half of the old strand is saved for every new strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the main steps for dna replication .

A
  • helicase unzips dna molecule, separating the strands
  • dna polymerase use half of old strand as a template for a new strand
  • ligase seals any gaps in the dna to make one cohesive molecule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the result of 1 na molecule replicating

A

2 new semi conservative dna molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does primase do in dna replication

A

lays down primer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what type of protein is vital to dna replication

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how does the ‘‘new’’ side of replicated dna form

A

nucleotides floating around attach on

30
Q

what is a gene

A

a section on dna that codes for one protein

31
Q

what does one protein code for

A

one trait

32
Q

how do proteins run living organisms

A

they make up the enzymes and structures

33
Q

what does mRNA do

A

it’s a copy of a gene that carries the code from the nucleus to the rest of the cell

34
Q

what does rRNA do

A

along with certain proteins , its makes of the ribosomes that make proteins

35
Q

what does tRNA do

A

during protein synthesis, tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

36
Q

what is transcription

A

making mRNA copies from DNA

37
Q

what are the steps for transcription

A
  • double stranded dna unzips

- dna is used as template , dna bases are matched with complementary rna bases

38
Q

when matching DNA bases for RNA, what does A match with

A

Uracil

39
Q

what enzyme is used for mRNA synthesis

A

rna polymerase

40
Q

where does mRNA go after leaving the nucleus

A

it goes to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

41
Q

what is translation

A

proteins being built from instructions of RNA

42
Q

how does mRNA code for amino acids

A

in triplets- 3 letters code for one amino acid

43
Q

what are the steps in translation .

A
  • mRNA goes to ribosome

- mRNA attaches to a completementary strand of tRNA with amino acid

44
Q

what is the ribosome’s role in translation

A

it links the amino acids and separates them from the tRNA

45
Q

what is a codon

A

three mRNA letters that code for one amino acid

46
Q

what is an anti- codon

A

three tRNA letters with 1 amino acid attached that connects to 3 complementary mRNA letters

47
Q

why are there several codons for each amino acid

A

mutation insurance

48
Q

what does a start codon indicate

A

beggining of a protein

49
Q

what does stop codon indicate

A

the end of a protein

50
Q

whats the start codon

A

AUG, methionine

51
Q

whats an allele

A

a diffrent version of a gene

52
Q

whats a mutation

A

changes in DNa that affect genetic information

53
Q

what are the steps of the possible outcomes of a mutation

A

chnages dna
changes rna
may change protein
may change trait

54
Q

what 3 things can cause mutation

A

mistake when dna is copied
inherited mutations
enviromental factors

55
Q

when can inherited mutations occur

A

when there are mutations in the sperm or egg (gametes )

56
Q

what’s another way to say envirmoental factors

A

mutagens

57
Q

some examples of mutagens

A

cigarrette smoke, x rays, uv rays, pesticides

58
Q

how often do mutations happen

A

regularly

59
Q

almost all mutations are what

A

neutral

60
Q

what does it mean for a mutation to be neutral

A

the mutation dosnet help or hurt the species

61
Q

what can many mutations be repaired by

A

enzymes

62
Q

can mutations be benefial

A

yes

63
Q

whats point mutation

A

changes in a single nucleotide

64
Q

what are the types of point mutations

A

substitutions, insertions, deletions

65
Q

which mutation only affect 1 amino acid

A

substitution

66
Q

which types of mutations are more severe

A

insertions and deletion

67
Q

what happens in substitution

A

one letter in a gene is switched out

68
Q

what happens in insertion

A

a letter is inserted in a gene

69
Q

what happens in deletion

A

a letter is removed from a gene

70
Q

what is a frame shift mutation

A

a mutation that changes the reading frame

71
Q

what does frame shift mutation affect

A

the whole sequence

72
Q

which mutations are frame shift

A

insertion and deletion

biology 1 pre AP (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions