Biochemistry test 1 Flashcards
what is everything made of
matter
what is matter made of
atoms
what are atoms made of
sub atomic particles (proton neutron electron
what does it mean for an atom to be neutral
Same amount of proton and electrons
What makes up a hydrogen
1 proton
1 electron
what makes up and oxygen
8 proton
8 neutron
8 electron
how to determine the number of electrons in a atom (neutral)
the same number of protons in the atom
what are the 10 most common elements in living things
Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulphur Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium
What is the atomic number
number of protons
how to determine number of neutrons
Atomic Mass -Atomic #
what is an isotope
2 versions same element diffrent number of neutrons
an example of isotopes
C12 and C14
an example of how isotopes are used
in PET scans
what are valence elctrons
electrons on the outer shell ( valence shell) of an atom
why are valence shells important
allow bonds to be created and form molecules
what is the magic number for electrons
8
3 important facts about covalent bonds
stable and strong with multiple atoms holding on
form molecules
share electrons
why is a water molecule polar
oxygen has a more electronegativity than hydrogen
making oxygen partial negative and hydrogen partial positive
what is an ionic bond
extreme of polar covalent bond
electrons transferred from one atom to another making them charged ions
what are emergent properties
compounds with diffrent properties than the elements that make them
what reactions does this represent
sunloights + 6 carbon doixyde + 6 water forms glucose + 6 oxygen gas molecules
photosynthesis s
what is something that ionic and covalent bonds have in common
they both exchange valence electrons
what is cohesion
hydrogen bonding between H2O molecules
water sticks to itself
what is adhesion
hydrogen bonding with other substances
sticks to other polar molecules
what is a Good Solvent
polarity makes H2o a good solvent
why is water a “universal solvent “
because it dissolve almost anythings (polar)
solute+ solvent =
= solution
what does lower density as a solid mean
ice floats
hydrogen bonds for a crystal that takes up more space as a solid
what makes water diffrent in terms of density
water gets less dense as a solid, where most substances get more dense
h20 resists change in temperature
what is high specific heat
takes a lot to heat up
takes a lot to cool down
what is high heat of vaporisation
how much energy to turn a liquid to gas
hydrogen bonds of water require more energy to break
what is hydrogen bond
a covalent bond between a proton and an elecron
what is the number of bonds one water molecule can form
4
what are the four main molecules necessary for life?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
element all organic molecules have in common
carbon
what is the difference between a monomer and a polymer
monomers are the building
polymers is the big molecules made up of small ones
what is the monomer for carbohydrates
sugar
sugar x6
what is the monomer for proteins
amino acid
amino acid x6
what is the monomer for nucleic acids
nucleotides
nucleotide x4
why is dehydration synthesis important
for building cells and bodies
growth repair reproduction
what is digestion (hydolysis)
taking molecules apart
why is digestion inportant
get raw materials
make ATP energy- for synthesis, gowth, everyday functions
what is the diffrence between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis joins monomers to make polymers
hydrolysis uses h2o to break down polymers
what are the functions of a carbohydrate
quick energy
energy storage
cell wall in plants
what is a carbohydrate
energy molecule
what is 1 sugar
whats is 2 sugar
monosacride
dissaccharide
2 examples of polysaccharide
starch - potatoes
cellulose- structure in plants
what is a polysaccharide
a large carb
what is a lipid
concentrated energy
what are some examples of lipids
triglyceride glycerol fatty acid cholesterol
what are some functions of lipids
cell membrane, cushion organs, insulate body
how is the structure of a lipid diffrent than the structure of a carbohydrate
carbohydrate is a chain like structure
lipid is not a chain- it’s a big fat molecule
monomers that make up a lipid molecule
fatty acids glycerol
list examples of proteins
muscles, skin, hair, fingernails, pepsin(digestive enzyme), immune system
what monomer makes up proteins
amino acids
how many diffrent types of amino acids are there
20
what detrmines the function each protein will have
the shape
what is a protein that denatures
the unfolding of proteins that detroys the shape
what causes proteins to denaute
temperature, pH
what is a nucleic acid
its an information molecule
that can become DNA RNA
diffrence between DNA and RNA
RNA has only one strand DNA has two
what is the function of a nucleic acid
function as genetic material transfers information, new cells, next gen
what is the monomer that makes nucleic acids
nucleotides
phosphate
sugar house
Nitrogen base banner thing
what is the atomic number
total number of protons
what is atomic mass
total number of protons AND neutrons
what are the two main types of bonds
ionic and covalent
what is an isotope
same element diffrent number of neutrons
two main types of bonds diffrences
covalent is sharing
ionic is taking away
six most common elements found in living things
CHONPS
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosporus sulfur
whats an example of adhesion
water dripping from the car window
EXAMPLE OF COHESION
water attaching and re attaching when moving
solvent,solute,solution in a mixture of sugar and water
solvent- water
solution- sugar water
solute- sugar
why is water an inorganic compoud
it does not contain carbon
group fllowing terms alkaline, acid, HCL, extra H ions, extra OH ions, base, soaps, pH10, pH3
acidic substances are;
acid, HCI, H ions, pH3
Basic substances are
alkaline, OH ions, pH 10, base, soaps
what is the chemical formula for a carbohydrate
CHO
what is the chemical formula for lipids
CHO
what is the chemical formula for proteins
CHON
what is the chemical formula for nucleic acids
CHONP
what are starchs, cellulose and glycogen,
they are polysccarides
what is glucose
a monosaccaride
what are four examples of lipids
tryiglyceride, glycerol, fatty acid, cholestrol
what is a ribon nucleic acid
nucleic acid
what are the diffrences between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
hydrolysis makes ATP, takes molecules apart and releases energy
dehydration synthesis uses ATp, puts molecules together and requires energy
what was the independent variable in the corn seed experiment
the driection of the corn seeds
what was the dependant variable in the corn seed experiment
the growth direction of the seeds
how do you make a hypotheses question
use IF and THEN for yopur statement
which biomolecule has a double bond on oxygen
PROTEIN
