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biology 1 pre AP > Biochemistry test 1 > Flashcards

Biochemistry test 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is everything made of

A

matter

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2
Q

what is matter made of

A

atoms

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3
Q

what are atoms made of

A

sub atomic particles (proton neutron electron

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4
Q

what does it mean for an atom to be neutral

A

Same amount of proton and electrons

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5
Q

What makes up a hydrogen

A

1 proton

1 electron

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6
Q

what makes up and oxygen

A

8 proton
8 neutron
8 electron

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7
Q

how to determine the number of electrons in a atom (neutral)

A

the same number of protons in the atom

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8
Q

what are the 10 most common elements in living things

A

Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulphur Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium

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9
Q

What is the atomic number

A

number of protons

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10
Q

how to determine number of neutrons

A

Atomic Mass -Atomic #

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11
Q

what is an isotope

A

2 versions same element diffrent number of neutrons

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12
Q

an example of isotopes

A

C12 and C14

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13
Q

an example of how isotopes are used

A

in PET scans

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14
Q

what are valence elctrons

A

electrons on the outer shell ( valence shell) of an atom

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15
Q

why are valence shells important

A

allow bonds to be created and form molecules

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16
Q

what is the magic number for electrons

A

8

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17
Q

3 important facts about covalent bonds

A

stable and strong with multiple atoms holding on
form molecules
share electrons

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18
Q

why is a water molecule polar

A

oxygen has a more electronegativity than hydrogen

making oxygen partial negative and hydrogen partial positive

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19
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

extreme of polar covalent bond

electrons transferred from one atom to another making them charged ions

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20
Q

what are emergent properties

A

compounds with diffrent properties than the elements that make them

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21
Q

what reactions does this represent

sunloights + 6 carbon doixyde + 6 water forms glucose + 6 oxygen gas molecules

A

photosynthesis s

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22
Q

what is something that ionic and covalent bonds have in common

A

they both exchange valence electrons

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23
Q

what is cohesion

A

hydrogen bonding between H2O molecules

water sticks to itself

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24
Q

what is adhesion

A

hydrogen bonding with other substances

sticks to other polar molecules

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25
Q

what is a Good Solvent

A

polarity makes H2o a good solvent

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26
Q

why is water a “universal solvent “

A

because it dissolve almost anythings (polar)

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27
Q

solute+ solvent =

A

= solution

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28
Q

what does lower density as a solid mean

A

ice floats

hydrogen bonds for a crystal that takes up more space as a solid

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29
Q

what makes water diffrent in terms of density

A

water gets less dense as a solid, where most substances get more dense

h20 resists change in temperature

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30
Q

what is high specific heat

A

takes a lot to heat up

takes a lot to cool down

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31
Q

what is high heat of vaporisation

A

how much energy to turn a liquid to gas

hydrogen bonds of water require more energy to break

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32
Q

what is hydrogen bond

A

a covalent bond between a proton and an elecron

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33
Q

what is the number of bonds one water molecule can form

A

4

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34
Q

what are the four main molecules necessary for life?

A

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids

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35
Q

element all organic molecules have in common

A

carbon

36
Q

what is the difference between a monomer and a polymer

A

monomers are the building

polymers is the big molecules made up of small ones

37
Q

what is the monomer for carbohydrates

A

sugar

sugar x6

38
Q

what is the monomer for proteins

A

amino acid

amino acid x6

39
Q

what is the monomer for nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

nucleotide x4

40
Q

why is dehydration synthesis important

A

for building cells and bodies

growth repair reproduction

41
Q

what is digestion (hydolysis)

A

taking molecules apart

42
Q

why is digestion inportant

A

get raw materials

make ATP energy- for synthesis, gowth, everyday functions

43
Q

what is the diffrence between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

A

dehydration synthesis joins monomers to make polymers

hydrolysis uses h2o to break down polymers

44
Q

what are the functions of a carbohydrate

A

quick energy
energy storage
cell wall in plants

45
Q

what is a carbohydrate

A

energy molecule

46
Q

what is 1 sugar

whats is 2 sugar

A

monosacride

dissaccharide

47
Q

2 examples of polysaccharide

A

starch - potatoes

cellulose- structure in plants

48
Q

what is a polysaccharide

A

a large carb

49
Q

what is a lipid

A

concentrated energy

50
Q

what are some examples of lipids

A

triglyceride glycerol fatty acid cholesterol

51
Q

what are some functions of lipids

A

cell membrane, cushion organs, insulate body

52
Q

how is the structure of a lipid diffrent than the structure of a carbohydrate

A

carbohydrate is a chain like structure

lipid is not a chain- it’s a big fat molecule

53
Q

monomers that make up a lipid molecule

A

fatty acids glycerol

54
Q

list examples of proteins

A

muscles, skin, hair, fingernails, pepsin(digestive enzyme), immune system

55
Q

what monomer makes up proteins

A

amino acids

56
Q

how many diffrent types of amino acids are there

A

20

57
Q

what detrmines the function each protein will have

A

the shape

58
Q

what is a protein that denatures

A

the unfolding of proteins that detroys the shape

59
Q

what causes proteins to denaute

A

temperature, pH

60
Q

what is a nucleic acid

A

its an information molecule

that can become DNA RNA

61
Q

diffrence between DNA and RNA

A

RNA has only one strand DNA has two

62
Q

what is the function of a nucleic acid

A 
function as genetic material
transfers information, new cells, next gen
63
Q

what is the monomer that makes nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

phosphate
sugar house
Nitrogen base banner thing

64
Q

what is the atomic number

A

total number of protons

65
Q

what is atomic mass

A

total number of protons AND neutrons

66
Q

what are the two main types of bonds

A

ionic and covalent

67
Q

what is an isotope

A

same element diffrent number of neutrons

68
Q

two main types of bonds diffrences

A

covalent is sharing

ionic is taking away

69
Q

six most common elements found in living things

A

CHONPS

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosporus sulfur

70
Q

whats an example of adhesion

A

water dripping from the car window

71
Q

EXAMPLE OF COHESION

A

water attaching and re attaching when moving

72
Q

solvent,solute,solution in a mixture of sugar and water

A

solvent- water
solution- sugar water
solute- sugar

73
Q

why is water an inorganic compoud

A

it does not contain carbon

74
Q

group fllowing terms alkaline, acid, HCL, extra H ions, extra OH ions, base, soaps, pH10, pH3

A

acidic substances are;

acid, HCI, H ions, pH3

Basic substances are

alkaline, OH ions, pH 10, base, soaps

75
Q

what is the chemical formula for a carbohydrate

A

CHO

76
Q

what is the chemical formula for lipids

A

CHO

77
Q

what is the chemical formula for proteins

A

CHON

78
Q

what is the chemical formula for nucleic acids

A

CHONP

79
Q

what are starchs, cellulose and glycogen,

A

they are polysccarides

80
Q

what is glucose

A

a monosaccaride

81
Q

what are four examples of lipids

A

tryiglyceride, glycerol, fatty acid, cholestrol

82
Q

what is a ribon nucleic acid

A

nucleic acid

83
Q

what are the diffrences between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

A

hydrolysis makes ATP, takes molecules apart and releases energy

dehydration synthesis uses ATp, puts molecules together and requires energy

84
Q

what was the independent variable in the corn seed experiment

A

the driection of the corn seeds

85
Q

what was the dependant variable in the corn seed experiment

A

the growth direction of the seeds

86
Q

how do you make a hypotheses question

A

use IF and THEN for yopur statement

87
Q

which biomolecule has a double bond on oxygen

A

PROTEIN

biology 1 pre AP (10 decks)

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