Genetics Quiz

Question 1

What is a trait?

Answer 1

A characteristic or condition determined by your genes and genetics.

Question 2

What is a genome?

Answer 2

All of the organisms genetic infromation.

Question 3

What are genetics?

Answer 3

The study of how traits are passed on from parents to offspring.

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

A molecule that codes for proteins and stores organisms genetic information. DNA makes up chromosomes.

Question 5

What is a chromosome?

Answer 5

A structure made from DNA that carries genes for an organism.

Question 6

What is a gene?

Answer 6

A section of DNA on a chromosome that determines a particular trait.

Question 7

What is a mutation?

Answer 7

A change or mistake in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA. Two types of mutations, gene, and chromosomal mutations.

Question 8

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 8

The process of using information stored in a gene to build a specific protein.

Question 9

What is transcription?

Answer 9

The process of using DNA as a template to create a strand of mRNA.

Question 10

What is translation?

Answer 10

The process by which mRNA is decoded and used to assemble a sequence of amino acids, creating a protein.

Question 11

What is a amino acid?

Answer 11

The basic building blocks of proteins.

Question 12

What is a codon?

Answer 12

A 3 letter set of bases in RNA that code for one amino acid

Question 13

What is a mutagen?

Answer 13

A factor that causes a mutation in genetic material. Examples: UV Light, X rays, tobacco, and certain chemicals.

Question 14

What is mRNA?

Answer 14

A molecule that carries instructions for assembling proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Question 15

What is a protein?

Answer 15

A molecule that builds traits in an organism as determined by DNA.

Question 16

What is nucleotide?

Answer 16

The basic building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 17

Which molecule tells ribosomes how to assemble proteins? Where in the cell does this occur?

Answer 17

messenger RNA (mRNA). This happens in the cytoplasm

Question 18

Order the following from biggest to smallest: Gene, genome, Nitrogen-Base, Chromosome

Answer 18

Genome, Chromosome, Gene, Nitrogen-Base

Question 19

What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Which part of the nucleotide changes depending on what the gene is for?

Answer 19

a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base; the part that changes depending on the gene is the nitrogenous base.

Question 19

Two proteins have a negative charge. Will they be able to easily work together? Why or why not?

Answer 19

No, two negatively charged proteins will not easily work together because they will repel each other due to their like charges.

Question 19

How can a mutation sometimes have no effect in an organism, and other times be deadly?

Answer 19

Sometimes the change in the sequence because their are less amino acids than codons therefore sometimes the mutation doesn’t have a effect. Also the change in DNA might not alter the proetin functions and other times it does. Also our body repaires muations very often.

Question 20

What is a insertion?

Answer 20

When one or more bases are added to a sequence of DNA or RNA

Question 21

What is a deletion?

Answer 21

When one or more bases are deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.

Question 22

How can a mutation in the DNA base sequence cause a change in proteins?

Answer 22

A mutation in a sequence of DNA means that the mRNA sequence will also be different. Therefore, the ribosome in the cytoplasm may attach an incorrect amino acid when it reads the mRNA. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determine its shape and chemical properties.

Question 23

What are some examples of proteins and their functions?

Answer 23

Structural proteins: Strengthen cells , tissues, organs, and more. Motor proteins: Keep cells moving and changing shapes. They also transport components around inside cells Defense proteins: Help organisms fight infection, heal damaged tissue, and evade predators.

Question 24

How can a mutation in DNA sequence cause a change in a trait?

Answer 24

The sequence of amino acids in a protein determine its shape and chemical properties. If the sequence is changed because of a mutation, that might mean the protein functions differently so the trait would also change.

Question 25

What are examples of good or bad mutations?

Answer 25

A good mutation would be if some has a better resistance to disease, increased athletic ability or metal abilities (like having perfect pitch). Negative would be something like sickle cell disease, or lactose intolerance. A neutral mutation would have no effect.

Question 26

Why do most mutations have no effect?

Answer 26

Most mutations have no effect because the cell repairs the mutation, it occurs in a part of DNA that doesn’t even have the instructions for proteins OR the mutation results in the exact same amino acid sequence as the normal version of the gene.

Question 27

What two factors affect how proteins interact with each other?

Answer 27

The shape of the proteins and their chemical properties (if they are negatively or positively charged) will determine if they can work together.

Question 28

Which part of the nucleotide changes depending on what the gene is for?

Answer 28

The order of the nitrogen bases is what changes, depending on what the gene is for.

Question 29

Do ribosomes assemble proteins?

Answer 29

YES