DNA science test Flashcards
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix also known as a twisted ladder
Where are alternating sugars (deoxyribise) located on the DNA?
The backbone which is the side in a model
Where are phosphates located on the DNA?
The backbone which is the side in a model
List the 4 nitrogen bases
Adenine,Thymine,Guanine,
Cystosine
What base does adenine (A) pair with?
Pairs with Thymine (T)
What base does Guanine (G) pair with?
Pairs with Cystosine (C)
Why must a large base pair with a small base?
A large nitrogen base must pair with a small nitrogen base because it maintains a constant width of the DNA molecule.
What are the 3 parts of DNA nucleotide?
The three parts of a nucleotide are the sugar, phosphate and the nitrogen base.
What is a trait?
An observable characteristic that is passed on from parents to offspring
What is a genome?
All of the organisms genetic inforation
What is genetics?
The study of how traits are passed on from parents to offspring
What is DNA?
Is the molecule that stores all of an organisms genetic information
What is chromosomes?
A long thread of compact DNA stored in the nucleus of the cell that contains instructions for many genes
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that has the instructions for one trait
What is mutation?
Mutation is the differences in our genes that come about through a natural process.
What is a protein?
Proteins carry out most of the body’s functions and make up its structure. Almost everything in our bodies is made from or by proteins.
What is a nucleotide?
The basic building block of DNA and contains 3 parts
What is reproduction?
the biological process by which organisms create new individuals, or offspring, that are similar to themselves, ensuring the continuation of a species
Define sexual reproduction
An organism is created by the fusion of two specialized reproductive cells called gametes (like sperm and egg) from two different parents, resulting in offspring with genetic variation from both parents
Define asexual reproduction
Organism is produced by a single parent, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, essentially creating clones
Which part of the nucleotide changes depending on what the gene is for?
The base
How are sexual and asexual reproduction different?
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of genetic material from two parents, creating offspring with a mix of traits from both, while asexual reproduction only involves one parent, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
What are advantages of asexual reproduction?
Doesn’t require a mate
Faster
Requires less energy
Allows for rapid population growth in favorable conditions
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
It creates genetic variation within a population
Allows organisms to adapt better to changing enviroments
Resist diseases
Eliminate harmful mutations by combining beneficial genes from two parents
