genetics quiz

Question 1

Relationship between genes and enzymes was first suggested by an English physician, in 1902.

Answer 1

Archibald Garrod

Question 2

This concept was developed as a result of his study on a disease called

Answer 2

alkaptonuria

Question 3

is a recessive trait that causes arthritis. The urine of the affected person
turns black upon exposure to the air.

Answer 3

Alkaptonuria

Question 4

is the one controlling the synthesis of protein through the RNA. This relationship constitutes to what we called the central dogma of molecular biology, which shows the flow of information in the biological systems (Figure 6.3)

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

refers to the transfer of genetic information from the nucleotide sequence of the DNA to the nucleotide sequence of the RNA.

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

Types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) (3)

Answer 6

Messenger RNA or mRNA
Transfer RNA or tRNA
Ribosomal RNA or rRNA

Question 7

carry the instruction for protein synthesis from the DNA (nucleus) to the ribosomes (cytoplasm)

Answer 7

Messenger RNA or mRNA

Question 8

brings the activated amino acids to the mRNA.

Answer 8

Transfer RNA or tRNA

Question 9

incorporated in the ribosomes

Answer 9

Ribosomal RNA or rRNA

Question 10

Transcription consists of three events (3)

Answer 10

initiation
elongation
termination

Question 11

refers to the synthesis of a polypeptide chain using the genetic instructions from the mRNA.

Answer 11

Translation

Question 12

Features of Genetic Code (5)

Answer 12

Genetic Code is triplet.

Genetic Code is degenerate/redundant/repetitious

Genetic Code is non-overlapping

Genetic Code is universal

There are three nonsense codons

Question 13

blank, blank and blank are called terminator or non-sense codons since they terminate the
amino acid chain in the synthesis protein.

Answer 13

UAG, UAA, and UGA

Question 14

In 1941, blank and blank formulated the One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis.

Answer 14

Beadle and Tatum

Question 15

RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the

Answer 15

promoter

Question 16

acts as a template for RNA polymerase.

Answer 16

template strand

Question 17

refers to any change in the genetic material of the organism. It may result
from a change in the base sequence of the DNA in the chromosome.

Answer 17

Mutation

Question 18

occurs in any body cell except egg cell; not passed on to offspring
since it ceases to exist when the organism die.

Answer 18

Somatic mutation

Question 19

occurs in the reproductive cell; can be transmitted to offspring and
be passed on from one generation to another.

Answer 19

Germ mutation

Question 20

Classification of Mutation (3)

Answer 20

a) Mutation due to changes in chromosome number

b) Mutation due to change in chromosome structure

c) Gene mutation

Question 21

Euploids are characterized by the possession of an entire set of chromosome (4)

Answer 21

Haploid
Diploid
Triploid
Polyploids

Question 22

carry only one genome

Answer 22

Haploid

Question 23

carry 2 genomes.

Answer 23

Diploid

Question 24

carry 3 genomes

Answer 24

Triploid

Question 25

carry 3 or complete set of chromosomes.

Answer 25

Polyploids

Question 26

are characterized by the multiplication of a single whole genome or chromosome set.

Answer 26

Autopolyploids

Question 27

being are quite rare. These cases result to a) Spontaneous aborted fetus b) Stillborn c) Some live for an hour but gross malformations.

Answer 27

Polyploidy in human

Question 28

occurs when one or more chromosomes of a normal set (genome) are lacking or are present in excess. So, they have incomplete genome.

Answer 28

Aneuploidy

Question 29

Types of Structural Changes in the Chromosome: (4)

Answer 29

Deficiencies or Deletions Duplication or Repeats Inversion Interchange or Reciprocal Translocation

Question 30

represent a loss of segment of the chromosome

Answer 30

Deficiencies or Deletions

Question 31

occur when the section of the chromosome is in excess of the normal amount.

Answer 31

Duplication or Repeats

Question 32

is due to the rotation of chromosome segment to a full 180 degree.

Answer 32

Inversion

Question 33

occurs when the single break in two nonhomologous chromosomes produce an exchange sections between them.

Answer 33

Interchange or Reciprocal Translocation

Question 34

point mutation involves a change in the nucleotide.

Answer 34

Gene Mutation

Question 35

There are two categories of gene mutation (2)

Answer 35

base pair substitution frameshift mutation

Question 36

due to copy errors during DNA replication. There are two types of base pair substitution; the transversion mutation and the transition mutation.

Answer 36

Base pair substitution

Question 37

is due to the substitution purine with another purine or the substitution of one pyrimidine with another pyrimidine

Answer 37

Transition mutation

Question 38

on the other hand, refers to the substitution of purine with pyrimidine or substitution of pyrimidine with purine.

Answer 38

Transversion mutation

Question 39

refers to a base pair substitution that results to the formation of a termination or non-sense codon.

Answer 39

Non-sense mutation

Question 40

refers to a base pair substitution that results to the substitution of an amino acid in the polypeptide chain.

Answer 40

Missense mutation

Question 41

refers to a base pair substitution that does not change the type of amino acid in the polypeptide chain.

Answer 41

Same sense mutation

Question 42

an insertion or deletion of a base that changes the reading frame of the entire subsequent sequence

Answer 42

Frameshift mutation

Question 43

Inject the indicator microorganisms into the mouse

Answer 43

Host – mediated Assay

Question 44

Homogenate the mammalian liver.

Answer 44

Ames Test

Question 45

Classification of neoplasm: (2)

Answer 45

Benign neoplasm Malignant neoplasm

Question 46

its structure is similar to the tissue from where they were derived

Answer 46

Benign neoplasm

Question 47

has an abnormal and unstructured appearance with abnormalities in chromosomes structure

Answer 47

Malignant neoplasm

Question 48

Common Types of Cancers (4)

Answer 48

Breast cancer Lung Cancer Prostate cancer Skin Cancer

Question 49

leading killer of women worldwide

Answer 49

Breast cancer

Question 50

Principally caused by tobacco smoking.

Answer 50

Lung Cancer

Question 51

increases dramatically with age; about 80% diagnose in men over 65 years of age

Answer 51

Prostate cancer

Question 52

caused by excessive exposure to sunlight

Answer 52

Skin Cancer