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quiz sheshaball > genetics quiz > Flashcards

genetics quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Relationship between genes and enzymes was first suggested by an English physician, in 1902.

A

Archibald Garrod

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2
Q

This concept was developed as a result of his study on a disease called

A

alkaptonuria

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3
Q

is a recessive trait that causes arthritis. The urine of the affected person
turns black upon exposure to the air.

A

Alkaptonuria

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4
Q

is the one controlling the synthesis of protein through the RNA. This relationship constitutes to what we called the central dogma of molecular biology, which shows the flow of information in the biological systems (Figure 6.3)

A

DNA

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5
Q

refers to the transfer of genetic information from the nucleotide sequence of the DNA to the nucleotide sequence of the RNA.

A

Transcription

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6
Q

Types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) (3)

A

Messenger RNA or mRNA
Transfer RNA or tRNA
Ribosomal RNA or rRNA

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7
Q

carry the instruction for protein synthesis from the DNA (nucleus) to the ribosomes (cytoplasm)

A

Messenger RNA or mRNA

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8
Q

brings the activated amino acids to the mRNA.

A

Transfer RNA or tRNA

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9
Q

incorporated in the ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA or rRNA

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10
Q

Transcription consists of three events (3)

A

initiation
elongation
termination

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11
Q

refers to the synthesis of a polypeptide chain using the genetic instructions from the mRNA.

A

Translation

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12
Q

Features of Genetic Code (5)

A

Genetic Code is triplet.

Genetic Code is degenerate/redundant/repetitious

Genetic Code is non-overlapping

Genetic Code is universal

There are three nonsense codons

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13
Q

blank, blank and blank are called terminator or non-sense codons since they terminate the
amino acid chain in the synthesis protein.

A

UAG, UAA, and UGA

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14
Q

In 1941, blank and blank formulated the One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis.

A

Beadle and Tatum

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15
Q

RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the

A

promoter

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16
Q

acts as a template for RNA polymerase.

A

template strand

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17
Q

refers to any change in the genetic material of the organism. It may result
from a change in the base sequence of the DNA in the chromosome.

A

Mutation

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18
Q

occurs in any body cell except egg cell; not passed on to offspring
since it ceases to exist when the organism die.

A

Somatic mutation

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19
Q

occurs in the reproductive cell; can be transmitted to offspring and
be passed on from one generation to another.

A

Germ mutation

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20
Q

Classification of Mutation (3)

A

a) Mutation due to changes in chromosome number

b) Mutation due to change in chromosome structure

c) Gene mutation

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21
Q

Euploids are characterized by the possession of an entire set of chromosome (4)

A

Haploid
Diploid
Triploid
Polyploids

22
Q

carry only one genome

A

Haploid

23
Q

carry 2 genomes.

A

Diploid

24
Q

carry 3 genomes

A

Triploid

25
Q

carry 3 or complete set of chromosomes.

A

Polyploids

26
Q

are characterized by the multiplication of a single whole genome or
chromosome set.

A

Autopolyploids

27
Q

being are quite rare. These cases result to

a) Spontaneous aborted fetus

b) Stillborn

c) Some live for an hour but gross malformations.

A

Polyploidy in human

28
Q

occurs when one or more chromosomes of a normal set (genome) are
lacking or are present in excess. So, they have incomplete genome.

A

Aneuploidy

29
Q

Types of Structural Changes in the Chromosome: (4)

A

Deficiencies or Deletions

Duplication or Repeats

Inversion

Interchange or Reciprocal Translocation

30
Q

represent a loss of segment of the chromosome

A

Deficiencies or Deletions

31
Q

occur when the section of the chromosome is in excess of the normal amount.

A

Duplication or Repeats

32
Q

is due to the rotation of chromosome segment to a full 180 degree.

A

Inversion

33
Q

occurs when the single break in two nonhomologous chromosomes produce an exchange sections between them.

A

Interchange or Reciprocal Translocation

34
Q

point mutation involves a change in the nucleotide.

A

Gene Mutation

35
Q

There are two
categories of gene mutation (2)

A

base pair substitution
frameshift mutation

36
Q

due to copy errors during DNA replication. There are two types of base pair substitution; the transversion mutation and the transition mutation.

A

Base pair substitution

37
Q

is due to the substitution purine with another purine or the substitution of one pyrimidine with another pyrimidine

A

Transition mutation

38
Q

on the other hand, refers to the substitution of purine with pyrimidine or substitution of pyrimidine with purine.

A

Transversion mutation

39
Q

refers to a base pair substitution that results to the formation of a
termination or non-sense codon.

A

Non-sense mutation

40
Q

refers to a base pair substitution that results to the substitution of an
amino acid in the polypeptide chain.

A

Missense mutation

41
Q

refers to a base pair substitution that does not change the type of
amino acid in the polypeptide chain.

A

Same sense mutation

42
Q

an insertion or deletion of a base that changes the reading frame
of the entire subsequent sequence

A

Frameshift mutation

43
Q

Inject the indicator microorganisms into the mouse

A

Host – mediated Assay

44
Q

Homogenate the mammalian liver.

A

Ames Test

45
Q

Classification of neoplasm: (2)

A

Benign neoplasm
Malignant neoplasm

46
Q

its structure is similar to the tissue from where they were derived

A

Benign neoplasm

47
Q

has an abnormal and unstructured appearance with abnormalities in chromosomes
structure

A

Malignant neoplasm

48
Q

Common Types of Cancers (4)

A

Breast cancer
Lung Cancer
Prostate cancer
Skin Cancer

49
Q

leading killer of women worldwide

A

Breast cancer

50
Q

Principally caused by tobacco smoking.

A

Lung Cancer

51
Q

increases dramatically with age; about 80% diagnose in men over 65 years of age

A

Prostate cancer

52
Q

caused by excessive exposure to sunlight

A

Skin Cancer

quiz sheshaball (14 decks)

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