Genetic Engineering and the Future

Question 1

A method of breaking and joining DNA molecules derived from different source forming the recombinant DNA.

Answer 1

Genetic engineering

Question 2

part of cell’s defense mechanisms against invading foreign genomes

Answer 2

Restriction Endonuclease and DNA Ligase

Question 3

Enzyme that makes possible the insertion of selected piece of DNA

Answer 3

DNA ligase

Question 4

Commonly used vector/vehicles

Answer 4

Vehicles for cloning

Question 5

Commonly used vector/vehicles for molecular cloning:

Answer 5

a. Plasmids
b. Bacteriophages
c. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 6

The cloned DNA is introduced into the host cell

Answer 6

Functional host cell

Question 7

cells that show the characteristics of the introduced gene

Answer 7

Recipient cells

Question 8

The first step in rDNA technology is to isolate the desired DNA in its pure form i.e. free from other
macromolecules.

Answer 8

Isolation of Genetic Material

Question 9

act as molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific locations. These reactions
are called ‘restriction enzyme digestions’.

Answer 9

Restriction enzymes

Question 10

is a method of making multiple copies of a DNA
sequence using the enzyme – DNA polymerase in vitro.

Answer 10

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 11

DNA to be amplified

Answer 11

Template

Question 12

small, chemically synthesized oligonucleotides that are complementary to a
region of the DNA

Answer 12

Primers

Question 13

DNA polymerase

Answer 13

Enzyme

Question 14

needed to extend the primers by the enzyme.

Answer 14

Nucleotides

Question 15

The purified DNA and the vector of interest are cut with the same restriction enzyme.

Answer 15

Ligation of DNA Molecules

Question 16

DNA sequencing together with computer software that align DNA pieces facilitated the shift from gene mapping to DNA sequencing.

Answer 16

1995

Question 17

Data on human genome sequencing is shown in the public.

Answer 17

1996

Question 18

Sequencing of 99% of the human genome accomplished

Answer 18

2000

Question 19

The DNA profile of an individual is uniquely his/her in the same manner that one’s fingerprints are unique and part of its identification.

Answer 19

DNA Fingerprinting

Question 20

It is claimed that aging may be caused by the buildup mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Scientists in Australia and Japan observed that mitochondrial DNA mutation much faster than
chromosomal DNA.

Answer 20

Mitochondrial DNA and Aging

Question 21

A recombinant bovine follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) produced by Integrated Genetics, Inc. causes superovulation in cattle.

Answer 21

Super-ovulation Hormone

Question 22

DNA sequence of structural gene for rat pancreatic peptide has been determined by
Japanese scientist. Injection of pancreatic peptide into a strain of obese rats reduced feeding and absorption of fats

Answer 22

Rat Pancreatic Peptide Gene

Question 23

Carries foreign gene for growth hormone

Answer 23

Transgenic salmon

Question 24

To improve the characteristics of livestock and poultry, growth hormones are
transferred to the animals.

Answer 24

Transgenic Livestock and Poultry

Question 25

Genetically Modified for resistance to insect pest, disease & herbicides

Answer 25

Transgenic Plants

Question 26

Insertion of bar gene from BLANK or bxn from BLANK into tomato, potato soybean, corn and tobacco provide resistance against BLANK

Answer 26

Streptomyces hygrospicus or Klebsiella

against to herbicides

Question 27

DNA fragments that can distinguished from one another due to their
differences in nucleotide sequences.

Answer 27

DNA markers

Question 28

used to leach metals (Cu, uranium) from Fe ore
Used to process waste H2S gas produced by petroleum refineries

Answer 28

Iron-oxidizing bacteria

Question 29

GE microorganism that can track other GE organisms in the environment

Answer 29

Microbes to track organisms

Question 30

Bacteria genetically engineered to glow in the dark

Answer 30

Bacterial biosensors