ACID AND BASE BALANCE

Question 1

contains only a single proton which is not orbited by any electron, it is the smallest ionic particle

Answer 1

Hydrogen ion

Question 2

It is difficult to determine the acid-base status in the ECF by direct methods. So, an indirect method is followed by using

Answer 2

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Question 3

are derived from 𝐶𝑂2. Large quantity of 𝐶𝑂2 is produced during the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids

Answer 3

Volatile acids

Question 4

are produced during the metabolism of other nutritive substances
such as proteins

Answer 4

Non-volatile acids

Question 5

sulfuric acid is produced during the metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids such as

Answer 5

cysteine and metheonine

Question 6

An acid-base buffer system is the combination of a weak acid

Answer 6

protonated substance

Question 7

Types of Buffer System 3

Answer 7

 Bicarbonate buffer system
 Phosphate buffer system
 Protein buffer system.

Question 8

is present in ECF (plasma).

Answer 8

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 9

prevents the fall of pH in a fluid to which a strong acid like hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added.

Answer 9

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 10

This system consists of a weak acid, the dihydrogen phosphate in the form of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the base, hydrogen phosphate in the form of disodium hydrogen phosphate

Answer 10

Phosphate Buffer System

Question 11

is more powerful than bicarbonate buffer system as it has a pK of 6.8, which is close to the pH of the body fluids, i.e. 7.4.

Answer 11

Phosphate buffer system

Question 12

are present in the blood; both in the plasma and erythrocytes.

Answer 12

Protein buffer systems

Question 13

is the reduction in pH below normal range

Answer 13

Acidosis

Question 14

is the increase in pH above the normal range.

Answer 14

Alkalosis

Question 15

the acid-base disturbances are: 4

Answer 15

1. Respiratory acidosis
2. Respiratory alkalosis
3. Metabolic acidosis
4. Metabolic alkalosis